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The laws of thermodynamics apply equally well to quantum systems as to classical systems, and because of this quantum effects do not change the fundamental thermodynamic efficiency of isothermal refrigerators or engines. We show that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Jordan M. Horowitz , Kurt Jacobs

The second law of thermodynamics states that for a thermally isolated system entropy never decreases. Most physical processes we observe in nature involve variations of macroscopic quantities over spatial and temporal scales much larger…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-20 Paolo Glorioso , Hong Liu

We establish a refined version of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for Langevin stochastic processes describing mesoscopic systems driven by conservative or non-conservative forces and interacting with thermal noise. The refinement is based…

We derive a generalization of the Second Law of Thermodynamics that uses Bayesian updates to explicitly incorporate the effects of a measurement of a system at some point in its evolution. By allowing an experimenter's knowledge to be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-04-04 Anthony Bartolotta , Sean M. Carroll , Stefan Leichenauer , Jason Pollack

People are well aware that, inherently, certain small-scale nonchaotic particle movements are not governed by thermodynamics. Usually, such phenomena are studied by kinetic theory and their energy properties are considered "trivial". In…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-05 Yu Qiao , Zhaoru Shang

We show that the conservation and the non-additivity of the information, together with the additivity of the entropy make the entropy increase in an isolated system. The collapse of the entangled quantum state offers an example of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Qi-Ren Zhang

We consider a controlled quantum system whose finite dimensional state is governed by a discrete-time nonlinear Markov process. In open-loop, the measurements are assumed to be quantum non-demolition (QND). The eigenstates of the measured…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Hadis Amini , Abhinav Somaraju , Igor Dotsenko , Clement Sayrin , Mazyar Mirrahimi , Pierre Rouchon

Measurement-based control, utilizing an active feedback loop, is a standard tool in technology. Feedback control is also emerging as a useful and fundamental tool in quantum technology and in related fundamental studies, where it can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Cheng Wang , Louise Banniard , Laure Mercier de Lépinay , Mika A. Sillanpää

We consider a particular instance of the lift of controlled systems recently proposed in the theory of irreversible thermodynamics and show that it leads to a variational principle for an optimal control in the sense of Pontryagin. Then we…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-11 Alessandro Bravetti , Pablo Padilla

The nonlinear Markov processes are the measure-valued dynamical systems which preserve positivity. They can be represented as the law of large numbers limits of general Markov models of interacting particles. In physics, the kinetic…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-09-28 A. N. Gorban , V. N. Kolokoltsov

We present a feedback protocol that is able to confine a system to a single micro-state without heat dissipation. The protocol adjusts the Hamiltonian of the system in such a way that the Bayesian posterior distribution after measurement is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-04 Léo Granger , Luis Dinis , Jordan M. Horowitz , Juan MR Parrondo

We treat a quantum mechanical system with certain general properties which are expected to be common in macroscopic quantum systems. Starting from a PURE initial state (which may not describe an equilibrium) in which energy is mildly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hal Tasaki

Signal transduction in living cells is vital to maintain life itself, where information transfer in noisy environment plays a significant role. In a rather different context, the recent intensive researches of "Maxwell's demon" - a feedback…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-30 Sosuke Ito , Takahiro Sagawa

The no-knowledge quantum feedback was proposed by Szigeti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 020407 (2014), as a measurement-based feedback protocol for decoherence suppression for an open quantum system. By continuously measuring environmental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Jirawat Saiphet , Sujin Suwanna , André R. R. Carvalho , Areeya Chantasri

This paper investigates state feedback control laws for Markov jump linear systems with state and mode-observation delays. An assumption in this study is that the delay of mode observation obeys an exponential distribution. Also, we raise…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-03 Wenjie Mei , Chengyan Zhao , Masaki Ogura , Kenji Sugimoto

This paper presents a framework to perform bifurcation analysis in laboratory experiments or simulations. We employ control-based continuation to study the dynamics of a macroscopic variable of a microscopically defined model, exploring the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-08-02 Ilias Panagiotopoulos , Jens Starke , Jan Sieber , Wolfram Just

The classical thermodynamic laws fail to capture the behavior of systems with energy Hamiltonian which is an explicit function of the temperature. Such Hamiltonian arises, for example, in modeling information processing systems, like…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ori Shental , Ido Kanter

The second law of classical thermodynamics, based on the positivity of the entropy production, only holds for deterministic processes. Therefore the Second Law in stochastic quantum thermodynamics may not hold. By making a fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-14 B. Ahmadi , S. Salimi , A. S. Khorashad

The validity of the Second Law of thermodynamics, indisputable in the macroscopic world, is challenged at the mesoscopic level: a mesoscopic isolated system, possessing spatial dimensions of the order of a few microns, is capable, as shown…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Crosignani , P. Di Porto , C. Conti

We reconsider a well-known relationship between the fluctuation theorem and the second law of thermodynamics by evaluating a probability measure-valued process. In order to establish a bridge between microscopic and macroscopic behaviors,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-19 Yuki Sughiyama , Masayuki Ohzeki