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We present a new graphical calculus that is sound and complete for a universal family of quantum circuits, which can be seen as the natural string-diagrammatic extension of the approximately (real-valued) universal family of Hadamard+CCZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Miriam Backens , Aleks Kissinger

We present a quantum compilation algorithm that maps Clifford encoders, encoding maps for stabilizer quantum codes, to a unique graphical representation in the ZX calculus. Specifically, we develop a canonical form in the ZX calculus and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu , Peter W. Shor

A quantum circuit may be strongly classically simulated with the aid of ZX-calculus by decomposing its $t$ T-gates into a sum of $2^{\alpha t}$ classically computable stabiliser terms. In this paper, we introduce a general procedure to find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Matthew Sutcliffe , Aleks Kissinger

Quantum computing promises to solve some important problems faster than conventional computations ever could. Currently available NISQ devices on which first practical applications are already executed demonstrate the potential -- with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Robert Wille , Stefan Hillmich , Lukas Burgholzer

Quantum circuit optimization - the process of transforming a quantum circuit into an equivalent one with reduced time and space requirements - is crucial for maximizing the utility of current and near-future quantum devices. While most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Marcin Szyniszewski , Aleks Kissinger , Noah Linden , Paul Skrzypczyk

ZW-calculus is a useful graphical language for pure qubit quantum computing. It is via the translation of the completeness of ZW-calculus that the first proof of completeness of ZX-calculus was obtained. A d-level generalisation of qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Quanlong Wang

The ZH calculus is a graphical language for quantum computation reasoning. The phase-free variant offers a simple set of generators that guarantee universality. ZH calculus is effective in MBQC and analysis of quantum circuits constructed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-18 Piotr Mitosek

We describe a graphical calculus for completely positive maps and in doing so review the theory of open quantum systems and other fundamental primitives of quantum information theory using the language of tensor networks. In particular we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-08 Christopher J. Wood , Jacob D. Biamonte , David G. Cory

The quantum circuit model is the default for encoding an algorithm intended for a NISQ computer or a quantum computing simulator. A simple graph and through it, a graph state - quantum state physically manifesting an abstract graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-04 Greg Bowen , Simon Devitt

Many methods solve Poisson equations by using grid techniques which discretize the problem in each dimension. Most of these algorithms are subject to the curse of dimensionality, so that they need exponential runtime. In the paper "Quantum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Michael Holzmann , Harald Koestler

Simulation is essential for developing quantum hardware and algorithms. However, simulating quantum circuits on classical hardware is challenging due to the exponential scaling of quantum state space. While factorized tensors can greatly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Taylor L. Patti , Jean Kossaifi , Susanne F. Yelin , Anima Anandkumar

The field of quantum algorithms is vibrant. Still, there is currently a lack of programming languages for describing quantum computation on a practical scale, i.e., not just at the level of toy problems. We address this issue by introducing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-07-08 Alexander S. Green , Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine , Neil J. Ross , Peter Selinger , Benoît Valiron

Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning processes are challenging to analyze due to their complexity and the lack of organized visualization tools. We present ReasonGraph, a web-based platform for visualizing and analyzing LLM reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Zongqian Li , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

Optimising quantum circuits to minimise resource usage is crucial, especially with near-term hardware limited by quantum volume. This paper introduces an optimisation algorithm aiming to minimise non-Clifford gate count and two-qubit gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-29 Calum Holker

Explaining opaque Machine Learning (ML) models has become an increasingly important challenge. However, current eXplanation in AI (XAI) methods suffer several shortcomings, including insufficient abstraction, limited user interactivity, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Laura State , Salvatore Ruggieri , Franco Turini

Like bisimulations, simulations and directed simulations are used for analyzing graph-based structures such as automata, labeled transition systems, linked data networks, Kripke models and interpretations in description logic. Simulations…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Linh Anh Nguyen

Quantum entanglement is a key resource in many quantum protocols, such as quantum teleportation and quantum cryptography. Yet entanglement makes protocols presented in Dirac notation difficult to verify. This is why Coecke and Duncan have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-03 Anne Hillebrand

Quantum algorithms are getting extremely popular due to their potential to significantly outperform classical algorithms. Yet, applying quantum algorithms to optimization problems meets challenges related to the efficiency of quantum…

Analyzing and developing new quantum error-correcting schemes is one of the most prominent tasks in quantum computing research. In such efforts, introducing time dynamics explicitly in both analysis and design of error-correcting protocols…

Surface code based quantum computers show great promise for fault-tolerant quantum computing, but most architectures needlessly increase the spacetime volume of a computation due to qubits sitting idly during a computation. Active volume…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Sam Heavey