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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are powerful machine learning methods used in many modern applications such as facial recognition, machine translation, and cancer diagnostics. A common issue with ANNs is that they usually have millions or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-08 Lars Skaaret-Lund , Geir Storvik , Aliaksandr Hubin

While backpropagation (BP) has been applied to spiking neural networks (SNNs) achieving encouraging results, a key challenge involved is to backpropagate a continuous-valued loss over layers of spiking neurons exhibiting discontinuous…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Yukun Yang , Wenrui Zhang , Peng Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently predominantly trained using first-order methods. Some of these methods (e.g., Adam, AdaGrad, and RMSprop, and their variants) incorporate a small amount of curvature information by using a diagonal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Achraf Bahamou , Donald Goldfarb , Yi Ren

Normalizing flows (NF) are a class of powerful generative models that have gained popularity in recent years due to their ability to model complex distributions with high flexibility and expressiveness. In this work, we introduce a new type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Jonas Köhler , Michele Invernizzi , Pim de Haan , Frank Noé

We investigate the use of normalizing flow (NF) models as flexible priors in Bayesian inference via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling for iterative Bayesian calibration. Trained on posteriors from previous analyses, these models can…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-02 Hendrik Roch , Chun Shen

This paper introduces an end-to-end learned image compression system, termed ANFIC, based on Augmented Normalizing Flows (ANF). ANF is a new type of flow model, which stacks multiple variational autoencoders (VAE) for greater model…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-26 Yung-Han Ho , Chih-Chun Chan , Wen-Hsiao Peng , Hsueh-Ming Hang , Marek Domanski

The ability of reasoning beyond data fitting is substantial to deep learning systems in order to make a leap forward towards artificial general intelligence. A lot of efforts have been made to model neural-based reasoning as an iterative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Xiaoran Xu , Wei Feng , Zhiqing Sun , Zhi-Hong Deng

Multivariate function approximation is a fundamental problem in machine learning. Classic multivariate function approximations rely on hand-crafted basis functions (e.g., polynomial basis and Fourier basis), which limits their approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Wei-Hao Wu , Ting-Zhu Huang , Xi-Le Zhao , Yisi Luo , Deyu Meng

The ever-increasing data scale of user-item interactions makes it challenging for an effective and efficient recommender system. Recently, hash-based collaborative filtering (Hash-CF) approaches employ efficient Hamming distance of learned…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Fan Wang , Weiming Liu , Chaochao Chen , Mengying Zhu , Xiaolin Zheng

Learning-based fluid simulation networks have been proven as viable alternatives to traditional numerical solvers for the Navier-Stokes equations. Existing neural methods follow Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) frameworks, which…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Nianyi Wang , Yu Chen , Shuai Zheng

Accurately describing the ground state of strongly correlated systems is essential for understanding their emergent properties. Neural Network Backflow (NNBF) is a powerful variational ansatz that enhances mean-field wave functions by…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-11-03 Kieran Loehr , Bryan K. Clark

Normalizing flows are a class of probabilistic generative models which allow for both fast density computation and efficient sampling and are effective at modelling complex distributions like images. A drawback among current methods is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Jason J. Yu , Konstantinos G. Derpanis , Marcus A. Brubaker

Conventional diffusion models typically relies on a fixed forward process, which implicitly defines complex marginal distributions over latent variables. This can often complicate the reverse process' task in learning generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Grigory Bartosh , Dmitry Vetrov , Christian A. Naesseth

Current density modeling approaches suffer from at least one of the following shortcomings: expensive training, slow inference, approximate likelihood, mode collapse or architectural constraints like bijective mappings. We propose a simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Marcello Massimo Negri , Jonathan Aellen , Manuel Jahn , AmirEhsan Khorashadizadeh , Volker Roth

Sparse-view tomographic reconstruction is a pivotal direction for reducing radiation dose and augmenting clinical applicability. While many research works have proposed the reconstruction of tomographic images from sparse 2D projections,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-24 Jingmou Xian , Jian Zhu , Haolin Liao , Si Li

Normalizing Flows provide a principled framework for high-dimensional density estimation and generative modeling by constructing invertible transformations with tractable Jacobian determinants. We propose Fractal Flow, a novel normalizing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-28 Binhui Zhang , Jianwei Ma

We introduce Neural Flow Maps, a novel simulation method bridging the emerging paradigm of implicit neural representations with fluid simulation based on the theory of flow maps, to achieve state-of-the-art simulation of inviscid fluid…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Yitong Deng , Hong-Xing Yu , Diyang Zhang , Jiajun Wu , Bo Zhu

Based on the assumption that there exists a neural network that efficiently represents a set of Boolean functions between all binary inputs and outputs, we propose a process for developing and deploying neural networks whose weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Minje Kim , Paris Smaragdis

Building on the recent trend of new deep generative models known as Normalizing Flows (NF), simulation-based inference (SBI) algorithms can now efficiently accommodate arbitrary complex and high-dimensional data distributions. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-28 Julia Linhart , Alexandre Gramfort , Pedro L. C. Rodrigues

Normalizing flows and variational autoencoders are powerful generative models that can represent complicated density functions. However, they both impose constraints on the models: Normalizing flows use bijective transformations to model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Didrik Nielsen , Priyank Jaini , Emiel Hoogeboom , Ole Winther , Max Welling