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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a fundamental paradigm for addressing the challenges faced by large language models in handling real-time information and domain-specific problems. Traditional RAG systems primarily rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 YiHan Jiao , ZheHao Tan , Dan Yang , DuoLin Sun , Jie Feng , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Peng Wei

Transformative innovations in model architectures have introduced hierarchical embedding augmentation as a means to redefine the representation of tokens through multi-level semantic structures, offering enhanced adaptability to complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Derek Yotheringhay , Alistair Kirkland , Humphrey Kirkbride , Josiah Whitesteeple

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG) are the two critical components of every conversational system that handles the task of understanding the user by capturing the necessary information in the form of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Mauajama Firdaus , Avinash Madasu , Asif Ekbal

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) necessitates complex reasoning by integrating multiple pieces of information to resolve intricate questions. However, existing QA systems encounter challenges such as outdated information, context window…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Xiaoming Zhang , Ming Wang , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Shi Feng , Yifei Zhang

Multimodal emotion recognition (MER), leveraging speech and text, has emerged as a pivotal domain within human-computer interaction, demanding sophisticated methods for effective multimodal integration. The challenge of aligning features…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Xuechen Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Haoqin Sun , Hui Wang , Jiaming Zhou , Yong Qin

The prevalence of mental disorders has become a significant issue, leading to the increased focus on Emotional Support Conversation as an effective supplement for mental health support. Existing methods have achieved compelling results,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Mengzhao Jia , Qianglong Chen , Liqiang Jing , Dawei Fu , Renyu Li

Traditional approaches to automatic emotion recognition are relying on the application of handcrafted features. More recently however the advent of deep learning enabled algorithms to learn meaningful representations of input data…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-01 Dominik Schiller , Silvan Mertes , Elisabeth André

Abnormality detection is a challenging task due to the dependence on a specific context and the unconstrained variability of practical scenarios. In recent years, it has benefited from the powerful features learnt by deep neural networks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Habtamu Fanta , Zhiwen Shao , Lizhuang Ma

Large Language Models face significant challenges in maintaining coherent interactions over extended dialogues due to their limited contextual memory. This limitation often leads to fragmented exchanges and reduced relevance in responses,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Haseeb Ullah Khan Shinwari , Muhammad Usama

The development and progress in sensor, communication and computing technologies have led to data rich environments. In such environments, data can easily be acquired not only from the monitored entities but also from the surroundings where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Rashmi Dutta Baruah , Mario Muñoz Organero

Lip-reading has attracted a lot of research attention lately thanks to advances in deep learning. The current state-of-the-art model for recognition of isolated words in-the-wild consists of a residual network and Bidirectional Gated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Brais Martinez , Pingchuan Ma , Stavros Petridis , Maja Pantic

The context-aware emotional reasoning ability of AI systems, especially in conversations, is of vital importance in applications such as online opinion mining from social media and empathetic dialogue systems. Due to the implicit nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Kailai Yang , Tianlin Zhang , Shaoxiong Ji , Sophia Ananiadou

Machine translation (MT) of user-generated content (UGC) poses unique challenges, including handling slang, emotion, and literary devices like irony and sarcasm. Evaluating the quality of these translations is challenging as current metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Shenbin Qian , Constantin Orăsan , Diptesh Kanojia , Félix do Carmo

Generative Recommenders (GRs), exemplified by the Hierarchical Sequential Transduction Unit (HSTU), have emerged as a powerful paradigm for modeling long user interaction sequences. However, we observe that their "flat-sequence" assumption…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zerui Chen , Heng Chang , Tianying Liu , Chuantian Zhou , Yi Cao , Jiandong Ding , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

The recent abundance of conversational data on the Web and elsewhere calls for effective NLP systems for dialog understanding. Complete utterance-level understanding often requires context understanding, defined by nearby utterances. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Deepanway Ghosal , Navonil Majumder , Rada Mihalcea , Soujanya Poria

Zero-shot entity retrieval, aiming to link mentions to candidate entities under the zero-shot setting, is vital for many tasks in Natural Language Processing. Most existing methods represent mentions/entities via the sentence embeddings of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Taiqiang Wu , Xingyu Bai , Weigang Guo , Weijie Liu , Siheng Li , Yujiu Yang

Multimodal deep learning has shown promise in depression detection by integrating text, audio, and video signals. Recent work leverages sentiment analysis to enhance emotional understanding, yet suffers from high computational cost, domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Ruibo Hou , Shiyu Teng , Jiaqing Liu , Shurong Chai , Yinhao Li , Lanfen Lin , Yen-Wei Chen

The task of multi-modal emotion recognition in conversation (MERC) aims to analyze the genuine emotional state of each utterance based on the multi-modal information in the conversation, which is crucial for conversation understanding.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yuntao Shou , Wei Ai , Jiayi Du , Tao Meng , Haiyan Liu , Nan Yin

Recently deep learning based Natural Language Processing (NLP) models have shown great potential in the modeling of source code. However, a major limitation of these approaches is that they take source code as simple tokens of text and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Yasir Hussain , Zhiqiu Huang , Yu Zhou , Senzhang Wang

Recurrent neural networks such as the GRU and LSTM found wide adoption in natural language processing and achieve state-of-the-art results for many tasks. These models are characterized by a memory state that can be written to and read from…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-06-10 Dirk Weissenborn , Tim Rocktäschel