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Recently, numerous embedding models have been made available and widely used for various NLP tasks. The Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB) has primarily simplified the process of choosing a model that performs well for several tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mathieu Ciancone , Imene Kerboua , Marion Schaeffer , Wissam Siblini

The recent advancement of large language models has spurred a growing trend of integrating pre-trained language model (PLM) embeddings into topic models, fundamentally reshaping how topics capture semantic structure. Classical models such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Hanlin Xiao , Mauricio A. Álvarez , Rainer Breitling

There is rising interest in vector-space word embeddings and their use in NLP, especially given recent methods for their fast estimation at very large scale. Nearly all this work, however, assumes a single vector per word type ignoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-04-28 Arvind Neelakantan , Jeevan Shankar , Alexandre Passos , Andrew McCallum

Word Representations form the core component for almost all advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as text mining, question-answering, and text summarization, etc. Over the last two decades, immense research is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Shree Charran R , Rahul Kumar Dubey

Vietnam ranks among the top countries in terms of both internet traffic and online toxicity. As a result, implementing embedding models for recommendation and content control duties in applications is crucial. However, a lack of large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Loc Pham , Tung Luu , Thu Vo , Minh Nguyen , Viet Hoang

This paper introduces the first dataset for evaluating English-Chinese Bilingual Contextual Word Similarity, namely BCWS (https://github.com/MiuLab/BCWS). The dataset consists of 2,091 English-Chinese word pairs with the corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Ta-Chung Chi , Ching-Yen Shih , Yun-Nung Chen

Embedding words in a vector space has gained a lot of attention in recent years. While state-of-the-art methods provide efficient computation of word similarities via a low-dimensional matrix embedding, their motivation is often left…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Shihao Ji , Hyokun Yun , Pinar Yanardag , Shin Matsushima , S. V. N. Vishwanathan

Assessing the degree of semantic relatedness between words is an important task with a variety of semantic applications, such as ontology learning for the Semantic Web, semantic search or query expansion. To accomplish this in an automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Thomas Niebler , Martin Becker , Christian Pölitz , Andreas Hotho

Word embeddings are a popular way to improve downstream performances in contemporary language modeling. However, the underlying geometric structure of the embedding space is not well understood. We present a series of explorations using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Hongwei , Zhou , Oskar Elek , Pranav Anand , Angus G. Forbes

We introduce a probabilistic framework for quantifying the semantic similarity between two groups of embeddings. We formulate the task of semantic similarity as a model comparison task in which we contrast a generative model which jointly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Francisco Vargas , Kamen Brestnichki , Nils Hammerla

Text embedding models are designed for sentence-level applications like retrieval and semantic similarity, and are primarily evaluated on sentence-level benchmarks. Their behavior on isolated words is less understood. We show that simply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Rajeev Ranjan

Word embeddings have been widely used in sentiment classification because of their efficacy for semantic representations of words. Given reviews from different domains, some existing methods for word embeddings exploit sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Bei Shi , Zihao Fu , Lidong Bing , Wai Lam

We introduce a high-quality and large-scale Vietnamese-English parallel dataset of 3.02M sentence pairs, which is 2.9M pairs larger than the benchmark Vietnamese-English machine translation corpus IWSLT15. We conduct experiments comparing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Long Doan , Linh The Nguyen , Nguyen Luong Tran , Thai Hoang , Dat Quoc Nguyen

Word embeddings allow natural language processing systems to share statistical information across related words. These embeddings are typically based on distributional statistics, making it difficult for them to generalize to rare or unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Parminder Bhatia , Robert Guthrie , Jacob Eisenstein

With the ever-growing amounts of textual data from a large variety of languages, domains, and genres, it has become standard to evaluate NLP algorithms on multiple datasets in order to ensure consistent performance across heterogeneous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Rotem Dror , Gili Baumer , Marina Bogomolov , Roi Reichart

Potentially idiomatic expressions (PIEs) construe meanings inherently tied to the everyday experience of a given language community. As such, they constitute an interesting challenge for assessing the linguistic (and to some extent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Dilara Torunoğlu-Selamet , Dogukan Arslan , Rodrigo Wilkens , Wei He , Doruk Eryiğit , Thomas Pickard , Adriana S. Pagano , Aline Villavicencio , Gülşen Eryiğit , Ágnes Abuczki , Aida Cardoso , Alesia Lazarenka , Dina Almassova , Amalia Mendes , Anna Kanellopoulou , Antoni Brosa-Rodríguez , Baiba Saulite , Beata Wojtowicz , Bolette Pedersen , Carlos Manuel Hidalgo-Ternero , Chaya Liebeskind , Danka Jokić , Diego Alves , Eleni Triantafyllidi , Erik Velldal , Fred Philippy , Giedre Valunaite Oleskeviciene , Ieva Rizgeliene , Inguna Skadina , Irina Lobzhanidze , Isabell Stinessen Haugen , Jauza Akbar Krito , Jelena M. Marković , Johanna Monti , Josue Alejandro Sauca , Kaja Dobrovoljc , Kingsley O. Ugwuanyi , Laura Rituma , Lilja Øvrelid , Maha Tufail Agro , Manzura Abjalova , Maria Chatzigrigoriou , María del Mar Sánchez Ramos , Marija Pendevska , Masoumeh Seyyedrezaei , Mehrnoush Shamsfard , Momina Ahsan , Muhammad Ahsan Riaz Khan , Nathalie Carmen Hau Norman , Nilay Erdem Ayyıldız , Nina Hosseini-Kivanani , Noémi Ligeti-Nagy , Numaan Naeem , Olha Kanishcheva , Olha Yatsyshyna , Daniil Orel , Petra Giommarelli , Petya Osenova , Radovan Garabik , Regina E. Semou , Rozane Rebechi , Salsabila Zahirah Pranida , Samia Touileb , Sanni Nimb , Sarfraz Ahmad , Sarvinoz Sharipova , Shahar Golan , Shaoxiong Ji , Sopuruchi Christian Aboh , Srdjan Sucur , Stella Markantonatou , Sussi Olsen , Vahide Tajalli , Veronika Lipp , Voula Giouli , Yelda Yeşildal Eraydın , Zahra Saaberi , Zhuohan Xie

Sentence-level embedding is essential for various tasks that require understanding natural language. Many studies have explored such embeddings for high-resource languages like English. However, low-resource languages like Bengali (a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Muhammad Rafsan Kabir , Md. Mohibur Rahman Nabil , Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman Khan

Exploring and quantifying semantic relatedness is central to representing language and holds significant implications across various NLP tasks. While earlier NLP research primarily focused on semantic similarity, often within the English…

Word embedding is central to neural machine translation (NMT), which has attracted intensive research interest in recent years. In NMT, the source embedding plays the role of the entrance while the target embedding acts as the terminal.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Yang Liu , Lidia S. Chao , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Word alignments are useful for tasks like statistical and neural machine translation (NMT) and cross-lingual annotation projection. Statistical word aligners perform well, as do methods that extract alignments jointly with translations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Masoud Jalili Sabet , Philipp Dufter , François Yvon , Hinrich Schütze
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