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Black box models in machine learning have demonstrated excellent predictive performance in complex problems and high-dimensional settings. However, their lack of transparency and interpretability restrict the applicability of such models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Numair Sani , Jaron Lee , Razieh Nabi , Ilya Shpitser

Concept bottleneck models (CBM) aim to produce inherently interpretable models that rely on human-understandable concepts for their predictions. However, existing approaches to design interpretable generative models based on CBMs are not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Akshay Kulkarni , Ge Yan , Chung-En Sun , Tuomas Oikarinen , Tsui-Wei Weng

Language models have shown impressive in-context-learning capabilities, which allow them to benefit from input prompts and perform better on downstream end tasks. Existing works investigate the mechanisms behind this observation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Bangzheng Li , Ben Zhou , Xingyu Fu , Fei Wang , Dan Roth , Muhao Chen

Mechanistic interpretability aims to reverse engineer neural networks by uncovering which high-level algorithms they implement. Causal abstraction provides a precise notion of when a network implements an algorithm, i.e., a causal model of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Theodora-Mara Pîslar , Sara Magliacane , Atticus Geiger

Recent advancements in machine learning have emphasized the need for transparency in model predictions, particularly as interpretability diminishes when using increasingly complex architectures. In this paper, we propose leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Chenrui Zhu , Louenas Bounia , Vu Linh Nguyen , Sébastien Destercke , Arthur Hoarau

While interpretability methods identify a model's learned concepts, they overlook the relationships between concepts that make up its abstractions and inform its ability to generalize to new data. To assess whether models' have learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Angie Boggust , Hyemin Bang , Hendrik Strobelt , Arvind Satyanarayan

In this paper, we develop upon the emerging topic of loss function learning, which aims to learn loss functions that significantly improve the performance of the models trained under them. Specifically, we propose a new meta-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Christian Raymond , Qi Chen , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

We introduce a comprehensive data-driven framework aimed at enhancing the modeling of physical systems, employing inference techniques and machine learning enhancements. As a demonstrative application, we pursue the modeling of cathodic…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Christian Jacobsen , Jiayuan Dong , Mehdi Khalloufi , Xun Huan , Karthik Duraisamy , Maryam Akram , Wanjiao Liu

Neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various fields. However, the lack of interpretability limits their practical use, particularly in critical decision-making scenarios. Post-hoc interpretability, which provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yang Ji , Ying Sun , Yuting Zhang , Zhigaoyuan Wang , Yuanxin Zhuang , Zheng Gong , Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Hengshu Zhu , Hui Xiong

Good quality explanations strengthen the understanding of language models and data. Feature attribution methods, such as Integrated Gradient, are a type of post-hoc explainer that can provide token-level insights. However, explanations on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jonathan Kamp , Roos Bakker , Dominique Blok

Interpretation methods to reveal the internal reasoning processes behind machine learning models have attracted increasing attention in recent years. To quantify the extent to which the identified interpretations truly reflect the intrinsic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Chun Sik Chan , Huanqi Kong , Guanqing Liang

Interpretability of modern visual models is crucial, particularly in high-stakes applications. However, existing interpretability methods typically suffer from either reliance on white-box model access or insufficient quantitative rigor. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chenchen Zhao , Muxi Chen , Qiang Xu

Model Interpretation aims at the extraction of insights from the internals of a trained model. A common approach to address this task is the characterization of relevant features internally encoded in the model that are critical for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Hamed Behzadi-Khormouji , José Oramas

Recent advances to combine structured regression models and deep neural networks for better interpretability, more expressiveness, and statistically valid uncertainty quantification demonstrate the versatility of semi-structured neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 David Rügamer

Supervised machine learning models boast remarkable predictive capabilities. But can you trust your model? Will it work in deployment? What else can it tell you about the world? We want models to be not only good, but interpretable. And yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Zachary C. Lipton

Multimodal sentiment analysis is an important area for understanding the user's internal states. Deep learning methods were effective, but the problem of poor interpretability has gradually gained attention. Previous works have attempted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Sixia Li , Shogo Okada

Building on existing work with Hyperblocks, which classify data using minimum and maximum bounds for each attribute, we focus on enhancing interpretability, decreasing training time, and reducing model complexity without sacrificing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Austin Snyder , Ryan Gallagher , Boris Kovalerchuk

Classifying images with an interpretable decision-making process is a long-standing problem in computer vision. In recent years, Prototypical Part Networks has gained traction as an approach for self-explainable neural networks, due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Zhijie Zhu , Lei Fan , Maurice Pagnucco , Yang Song

To understand changes in physical systems and facilitate decisions, explaining how model predictions are made is crucial. We use model-based interpretability, where models of physical systems are constructed by composing basic constructs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Ion Matei , Johan de Kleer , Christoforos Somarakis , Rahul Rai , John S. Baras

Mechanistic interpretability seeks to understand the internal mechanisms of machine learning models, where localization -- identifying the important model components -- is a key step. Activation patching, also known as causal tracing or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Fred Zhang , Neel Nanda