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Based on satellite data, both large and small-scale flows were identified on the core surface .At the same time, the observed rapid decrease in the dipole component of the main geomagnetic field does not find a satisfactory explanation. In…
For the past few centuries, the temporal variation in the Earth's magnetic field in the Pacific region has been anomalously low. The reason for this is tied to large scale flows in the liquid outer core near the core-mantle boundary, which…
Seismic mapping of the top of the inner core indicates two distinct areas of high P-wave velocity, the stronger one located beneath Asia, and the other located beneath the Atlantic. This two-fold pattern supports the idea that a…
High-resolution observations of a quiet Sun internetwork region taken with the Solar 1-m Swedish Telescope in La Palma are analyzed. We determine the location of small-scale vortex motions in the solar photospheric region by computing the…
Using the time-dependent Ginzburg Landau equations we study vortex motion driven by an applied current in two dimensional superconductors in the presence of a physical boundary. At smaller sourced currents the vortex lattice moves as a…
We report on the occurrence of small-scale vortices in simulations of the convective solar surface. Using an eigenanalysis of the velocity gradient tensor, we find the subset of high vorticity regions in which the plasma is swirling. The…
We investigate spatial and temporal cross-correlations between streamwise and normal velocity components in three shear flows: a low-dimensional model for vortex-streak interactions, direct numerical simulations for a nearly homogeneous…
Geodynamic modelling and seismic studies have highlighted the possibility that a thin layer of low seismic velocities, potentially molten, may sit atop the core-mantle boundary but has thus far eluded detection. In this study we employ…
Scattering of seismic waves can reveal subsurface structures but usually in a piecemeal way focused on specific target areas. We used a manifold learning algorithm called "the Sequencer" to simultaneously analyze thousands of seismograms of…
The theory of vortex motion in a dilute superfluid of inhomogeneous density demands a boundary layer approach, in which different approximation schemes are employed close to and far from the vortex, and their results matched smoothly…
Vortex-flows exist across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales in the solar atmosphere. Small-scale vortices have been proposed to play an important role in energy transport in the solar atmosphere. However, their physical…
We study theoretically the vortex matter structure in low dimensional (LD) systems with superconducting order induced by proximity to a bulk superconductor. We analyze the effects of microscopic coupling mechanisms between the two systems…
Convection-driven flows in planetary interiors exhibit rich dynamics owing to multiple spatio-temporally varying forcing conditions and physical constraints. In particular, the churning of liquid metals in the Earth's outer core,…
Vortices are ubiquitous in nature; they appear in a variety of phenomena ranging from galaxy formation in astrophysics to topological defects in quantum fluids. In particular, wave vortices have attracted enormous attention and found…
The small vortex generation is a key issue of the mechanism for late flow transition and turbulence generation. It was widely accepted that small length vortices were generated by large vortex breakdown. According to our recent DNS, we find…
The Earth's magnetic field is generated by a dynamo in the outer core and is crucial for shielding our planet from harmful radiation. Despite the established importance of the core-mantle boundary heat flux as driver for the dynamo, open…
We investigate the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of the core region of vortices in layered superconductors. We discuss the electronic structure of singly and doubly quantized vortices for both s-wave and d-wave pairing symmetry.…
The development of low-level mesocyclones in supercell thunderstorms has often been explained via the development of storm-generated streamwise vorticity along a baroclinic gradient in the forward flank of supercells. However, the ambient…
We present global 2-D inviscid disk simulations with an embedded planet, emphasizing the non-linear dynamics in its co-orbital region. We find that the potential vorticity of the flow in this region is not conserved due to the presence of…
A low energy radioactive beam of polarized $^8$Li has been used to observe the vortex lattice near the surface of superconducting NbSe$_2$. The inhomogeneous magnetic field distribution associated with the vortex lattice was measured using…