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Black-box discrete optimization (BB-DO) problems arise in many real-world applications, such as neural architecture search and mathematical model estimation. A key challenge in BB-DO is epistasis among parameters where multiple variables…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Aoi Kato , Kenta Kojima , Masahiro Nomura , Isao Ono

Recently, audio-visual speech enhancement has been tackled in the unsupervised settings based on variational auto-encoders (VAEs), where during training only clean data is used to train a generative model for speech, which at test time is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Mostafa Sadeghi , Xavier Alameda-Pineda

Variational autoencoders (VAE) encode data into lower-dimensional latent vectors before decoding those vectors back to data. Once trained, decoding a random latent vector from the prior usually does not produce meaningful data, at least…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Alejandro Ascarate , Leo Lebrat , Rodrigo Santa Cruz , Clinton Fookes , Olivier Salvado

In this work we present an unsupervised approach to summarize sentences in abstractive way using Variational Autoencoder (VAE). VAE are known to learn a semantically rich latent variable, representing high dimensional input. VAEs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Raphael Schumann

Vector-quantized variational autoencoders (VQ-VAEs) are discrete autoencoders that compress images into discrete tokens. However, they are difficult to train due to discretization. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective technique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tongda Xu , Wendi Zheng , Jiajun He , Jose Miguel Hernandez-Lobato , Yan Wang , Ya-Qin Zhang , Jie Tang

Speaker diarization is a task concerned with partitioning an audio recording by speaker identity. End-to-end neural diarization with encoder-decoder based attractor calculation (EEND-EDA) aims to solve this problem by directly outputting…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Samuel J. Broughton , Lahiru Samarakoon

This paper aims to improve the widely used deep speaker embedding x-vector model. We propose the following improvements: (1) a hybrid neural network structure using both time delay neural network (TDNN) and long short-term memory neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Yun Tang , Guohong Ding , Jing Huang , Xiaodong He , Bowen Zhou

Understanding the structure of complex, nonstationary, high-dimensional time-evolving signals is a central challenge in scientific data analysis. In many domains, such as speech and biomedical signal processing, the ability to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ioannis Ziogas , Aamna Al Shehhi , Ahsan H. Khandoker , Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis

We propose a cross-domain latent modulation mechanism within a variational autoencoders (VAE) framework to enable improved transfer learning. Our key idea is to procure deep representations from one data domain and use it as perturbation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Jinyong Hou , Jeremiah D. Deng , Stephen Cranefield , Xuejie Ding

We analyze the impact of speaker adaptation in end-to-end automatic speech recognition models based on transformers and wav2vec 2.0 under different noise conditions. By including speaker embeddings obtained from x-vector and ECAPA-TDNN…

Variational autoencoders (VAE) represent a popular, flexible form of deep generative model that can be stochastically fit to samples from a given random process using an information-theoretic variational bound on the true underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Bin Dai , Yu Wang , John Aston , Gang Hua , David Wipf

Traditional acoustic environment classification relies on: i) classical signal processing algorithms, which are unable to extract meaningful representations of high-dimensional data; or on ii) supervised learning, limited by the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Luan Vinícius Fiorio , Ivana Nikoloska , Wim van Houtum , Ronald M. Aarts

Variational Autoencoders (VAE) are probabilistic deep generative models underpinned by elegant theory, stable training processes, and meaningful manifold representations. However, they produce blurry images due to a lack of explicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Prashnna K Gyawali , Rudra Saha , Linwei Wang , VSR Veeravasarapu , Maneesh Singh

VQ-VAE, as a mainstream approach of speech tokenizer, has been troubled by ``index collapse'', where only a small number of codewords are activated in large codebooks. This work proposes product-quantized (PQ) VAE with more codebooks but…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Dongchao Yang , Hui Lu , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

We develop Riemannian approaches to variational autoencoders (VAEs) for PDE-type ambient data with regularizing geometric latent dynamics, which we refer to as VAE-DLM, or VAEs with dynamical latent manifolds. We redevelop the VAE framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Andrew Gracyk

Recent advances in representation learning have successfully leveraged the underlying domain-specific structure of data across various fields. However, representing diverse and complex entities stored in tabular format within a latent space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jan Henrik Bertrand , David B. Hoffmann , Jacopo Pio Gargano , Laurent Mombaerts , Jonathan Taws

Vector-quantized autoencoders deliver high-fidelity latents but suffer inherent flaws: the quantizer is non-differentiable, requires straight-through hacks, and is prone to collapse. We address these issues at the root by replacing VQ with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hao Lu , Onur C. Koyun , Yongxin Guo , Zhengjie Zhu , Abbas Alili , Metin Nafi Gurcan

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely used deep generative models capable of learning unsupervised latent representations of data. Such representations are often difficult to interpret or control. We consider the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Jack Klys , Jake Snell , Richard Zemel

A variational autoencoder (VAE) is a probabilistic machine learning framework for posterior inference that projects an input set of high-dimensional data to a lower-dimensional, latent space. The latent space learned with a VAE offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Rafael Pastrana

Classical methods for model order selection often fail in scenarios with low SNR or few snapshots. Deep learning-based methods are promising alternatives for such challenging situations as they compensate lack of information in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-07 Michael Baur , Franz Weißer , Benedikt Böck , Wolfgang Utschick