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Language is highly structured, with syntactic and semantic structures, to some extent, agreed upon by speakers of the same language. With implicit or explicit awareness of such structures, humans can learn and use language efficiently and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Freda Shi

Deep models that are both effective and explainable are desirable in many settings; prior explainable models have been unimodal, offering either image-based visualization of attention weights or text-based generation of post-hoc…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Dong Huk Park , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Zeynep Akata , Anna Rohrbach , Bernt Schiele , Trevor Darrell , Marcus Rohrbach

Visual dialog is challenging since it needs to answer a series of coherent questions based on understanding the visual environment. How to ground related visual objects is one of the key problems. Previous studies utilize the question and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Feilong Chen , Xiuyi Chen , Can Xu , Daxin Jiang

A variety of methods exist to explain image classification models. However, whether they provide any benefit to users over simply comparing various inputs and the model's respective predictions remains unclear. We conducted a user study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Leon Sixt , Martin Schuessler , Oana-Iuliana Popescu , Philipp Weiß , Tim Landgraf

In complex inferential tasks like question answering, machine learning models must confront two challenges: the need to implement a compositional reasoning process, and, in many applications, the need for this reasoning process to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Ronghang Hu , Jacob Andreas , Trevor Darrell , Kate Saenko

Generalist robots should be able to understand and follow user instructions, but current vision-language-action (VLA) models struggle with following fine-grained commands despite providing a powerful architecture for mapping open-vocabulary…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Catherine Glossop , William Chen , Arjun Bhorkar , Dhruv Shah , Sergey Levine

Exploiting visual groundings for language understanding has recently been drawing much attention. In this work, we study visually grounded grammar induction and learn a constituency parser from both unlabeled text and its visual groundings.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Yanpeng Zhao , Ivan Titov

We propose a general framework called Text Modular Networks(TMNs) for building interpretable systems that learn to solve complex tasks by decomposing them into simpler ones solvable by existing models. To ensure solvability of simpler…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Tushar Khot , Daniel Khashabi , Kyle Richardson , Peter Clark , Ashish Sabharwal

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in video understanding. However, seemingly plausible outputs often suffer from poor visual and temporal grounding: a model may fabricate object existence, assign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yihao Quan , Zeru Shi , Jinman Zhao , Ruixiang Tang

Visual hallucination, where Multimodal Large Language Models fabricate details inconsistent with image content, critically undermines their reliability. Existing fine-tuning methods offer limited improvement, failing to deeply intervene in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Filippo Morbiato , Luca Romano , Alessandro Persona

Counterfactual reasoning has emerged as a crucial technique for generalizing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). By generating and analyzing counterfactual scenarios, researchers can assess the adaptability and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shuai Yang , Qi Yang , Luoxi Tang , Yuqiao Meng , Nancy Guo , Jeremy Blackburn , Zhaohan Xi

The success of large-scale contextual language models has attracted great interest in probing what is encoded in their representations. In this work, we consider a new question: to what extent contextual representations of concrete nouns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Gabriel Ilharco , Rowan Zellers , Ali Farhadi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Machine Interpreting systems are currently implemented as unimodal, real-time speech-to-speech architectures, processing translation exclusively on the basis of the linguistic signal. Such reliance on a single modality, however, constrains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Claudio Fantinuoli

Grounding has been argued to be a crucial component towards the development of more complete and truly semantically competent artificial intelligence systems. Literature has divided into two camps: While some argue that grounding allows for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Timothee Mickus , Elaine Zosa , Denis Paperno

We present a visually-grounded language understanding model based on a study of how people verbally describe objects in scenes. The emphasis of the model is on the combination of individual word meanings to produce meanings for complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-04 P. Gorniak , D. Roy

Recent literature shows that large-scale language modeling provides excellent reusable sentence representations with both recurrent and self-attentive architectures. However, there has been less clarity on the commonalities and differences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Jindřich Libovický , Pranava Madhyastha

We propose an efficient method to ground pretrained text-only language models to the visual domain, enabling them to process arbitrarily interleaved image-and-text data, and generate text interleaved with retrieved images. Our method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Jing Yu Koh , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Daniel Fried

The task of temporally grounding textual queries in videos is to localize one video segment that semantically corresponds to the given query. Most of the existing approaches rely on segment-sentence pairs (temporal annotations) for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Yijun Song , Jingwen Wang , Lin Ma , Zhou Yu , Jun Yu

Weakly-supervised grounded image captioning (WSGIC) aims to generate the caption and ground (localize) predicted object words in the input image without using bounding box supervision. Recent two-stage solutions mostly apply a bottom-up…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Chen Cai , Suchen Wang , Kim-hui Yap , Yi Wang

Adversarial robustness evaluates the worst-case performance scenario of a machine learning model to ensure its safety and reliability. This study is the first to investigate the robustness of visually grounded dialog models towards textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Lu Yu , Verena Rieser