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We calculate the exact number of contours of size $n$ containing a fixed vertex in $d$-ary trees and provide sharp estimates for this number for more general trees. We also obtain a characterization of the locally finite trees with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-21 Noga Alon , Rodrigo Bissacot , Eric Ossami Endo

The rotor walk on a graph is a deterministic analogue of random walk. Each vertex is equipped with a rotor, which routes the walker to the neighbouring vertices in a fixed cyclic order on successive visits. We consider rotor walk on an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-27 Omer Angel , Alexander E. Holroyd

We investigate the statistics of trees grown from some initial tree by attaching links to preexisting vertices, with attachment probabilities depending only on the valence of these vertices. We consider the asymptotic mass distribution that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 François David , Philippe Di Francesco , Emmanuel Guitter , Thordur Jonsson

This paper extends the study of fringe trees in random plane trees with a given degree statistic. While previous work established the asymptotic normality of the count of fringe trees isomorphic to a fixed tree, we investigate the case…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Gabriel Berzunza Ojeda , Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson

We study the statistics of edges and vertices in the vicinity of a reference vertex (origin) within random planar quadrangulations and Eulerian triangulations. Exact generating functions are obtained for theses graphs with fixed numbers of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-04-05 J. Bouttier , P. Di Francesco , E. Guitter

In this note we study randomized voting trees, previously introduced by Fisher, Procaccia and Samorodnitsky. They speculate that a non-trivial performance guarantee may be achievable using randomized, balanced trees whose height is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-09 Jason Long , Adam Zsolt Wagner

While the notion of arboricity of a graph is well-known in graph theory, very few results are dedicated to the minimal number of trees covering the edges of a graph, called the tree number of a graph.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Natalia Vanetik

In spatial networks vertices are arranged in some space and edges may cross. When arranging vertices in a 1-dimensional lattice edges may cross when drawn above the vertex sequence as it happens in linguistic and biological networks. Here…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Lluís Alemany-Puig , Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

We consider both analytically and numerically creation conditions of diverse hierarchical trees. A connection between the probabilities to create hierarchical levels and the probability to associate these levels into united structure is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-07-01 A I Olemskoi , S S Borysov , I A Shuda

Let $\mathcal{T}_n$ be the set of trees with $n$ vertices. Suppose that each tree in $\mathcal{T}_n$ is equally likely. We show that the number of different rooted trees of a tree equals $(\mu_r+o(1))n$ for almost every tree of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-21 Xueliang Li , Yiyang Li , Yongtang Shi

The reconstruction of large phylogenetic trees from data that violates clocklike evolution (or as a supertree constructed from any m input trees) raises a difficult question for biologists - how can one assign relative dates to the vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tanja Gernhard , Daniel Ford , Rutger Vos , Mike Steel

Although the P\'olya enumeration theorem has been used extensively for decades, an optimized, purely numerical algorithm for calculating its coefficients is not readily available. We present such an algorithm for finding the number of…

In this paper we at first consider plane trees with the root vertex and a marked directed edge, outgoing from the root vertex. For such trees we introduce a new characteristic --- the \emph{parity}, using the bracket code. It turns out that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-27 Irina Busjatskaja , Yury Kochetkov

We investigate the profile of random P\'olya trees of size $n$ when only nodes of degree $d$ are counted in each level. It is shown that, as in the case where all nodes contribute to the profile, the suitably normalized profile process…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-22 Bernhard Gittenberger , Veronika Kraus

We demonstrate a method for proving precise concentration inequalities in uniformly random trees on $n$ vertices, where $n\geq1$ is a fixed positive integer. The method uses a bijection between mappings…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Steven Heilman

We study the joint distribution of the number of occurrences of members of a collection of nonoverlapping motifs in digital data. We deal with finite and countably infinite collections. For infinite collections, the setting requires that we…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-07-05 Jeffrey Gaither , Hosam Mahmoud , Mark Daniel Ward

A fringe subtree of a rooted tree is a subtree consisting of one of the nodes and all its descendants. In this paper, we are specifically interested in the number of non-isomorphic trees that appear in the collection of all fringe subtrees…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-09 Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Stephan Wagner

A large number of explicit estimators are proposed in this paper for loss rate estimation in a network of the tree topology. All of the estimators are proved to be unbiased and consistent instead of asymptotic unbiased as that obtained in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-06 Weiping Zhu

Generating function equation has been derived for the probability distribution of the number of nodes with $k \ge 0$ outgoing lines in randomly evolving special trees. The stochastic properties of end-nodes (k=0) have been analyzed, and it…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Pal

We construct generating trees with one, two, and three labels for some classes of permutations avoiding generalized patterns of length 3 and 4. These trees are built by adding at each level an entry to the right end of the permutation,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-08-01 Sergi Elizalde