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We consider the algebraic structure of $\mathbb{N}$-graded vertex operator algebras with conformal grading $V=\oplus_{n\geq 0} V_n$ and $\dim V_0\geq 1$. We prove several results along the lines that the vertex operators $Y(a, z)$ for $a$…

We study Vertex Operator Algebras (VOAs) obtained from the H-twist of 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ linear quiver gauge theories. We find that H-twisted VOAs can be regarded as the ''chiralization'' of the extended Higgs branch: many of the…

In this paper, we study the structure of a general framed vertex operator algebra. We show that the structure codes (C,D) of a framed VOA V satisfy certain duality conditions. As a consequence, we prove that every framed VOA is a simple…

Frenkel, Lepowsky, and Meurman constructed a vertex operator algebra (VOA) associated to any even, integral, Euclidean lattice. In the language of physics, these are examples of chiral conformal field theories (CFT). In this paper, we…

These are the lecture notes for a course taught at Tsinghua University in the spring of 2022. In these notes, we develop the basic theory of vertex operator algebras (VOAs) and their conformal blocks using complex-analytic methods. In…

We summarize interactions between vertex operator algebras and number theory through the lens of Zhu theory. The paper begins by recalling basic facts on vertex operator algebras (VOAs) and modular forms, and then explains Zhu's theorem on…

The correspondence between four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories and vertex operator algebras, when applied to theories of class $\mathcal{S}$, leads to a rich family of VOAs that have been given the monicker chiral…

Coulomb branches of vacua are the most universal moduli spaces that arise in local unitary interacting 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories (SCFTs). In these theories, $1/2$-BPS primaries parameterize the Coulomb branches and…

We study the braided tensor structure of line operators in the topological A and B twists of abelian 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ gauge theories, as accessed via boundary vertex operator algebras (VOA's). We focus exclusively on abelian theories. We…

We discuss the classification of strongly regular vertex operator algebras (VOAs) with exactly three simple modules whose character vector satisfies a monic modular linear differential equation with irreducible monodromy. Our Main Theorem…

We study properties of vertex (operator) algebras associated with 3d H-twisted $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric gauge theories with a boundary. The vertex operator algebras (VOAs) are defined by BRST cohomologies of currents with symplectic…

Representations of vertex operator algebras $V$ (VOAs) have numerous applications, including the construction of sheaves of conformal blocks on moduli spaces of curves. For a $V$-module $W = \oplus W_d$, a sequence of associative algebras…

We describe Zhu recursion for a vertex operator algebra (VOA) and its modules on a genus $g$ Riemann surface in the Schottky uniformisation. We show that $n$-point (intertwiner) correlation functions are written as linear combinations of…

This is the first paper of a three-part series in which we develop a theory of conformal blocks for $C_2$-cofinite vertex operator algebras (VOAs) that are not necessarily rational. The ultimate goal of this series is to prove a…

We apply the factorization and vector bundle propositionerty of the sheaves of conformal blocks on $\overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n}$. defined by vertex operator algebras (VOAs) and give geometric proofs of essential results in the…

Every four-dimensional ${\cal N}=2$ superconformal field theory comes equipped with an intricate algebraic invariant, the associated vertex operator algebra. The relationships between this invariant and more conventional protected…

Every 4d $\mathcal{N} = 2$ SCFT $\mathcal{T}$ corresponds to an associated VOA $\mathbb{V}(\mathcal{T})$, which is in general non-rational with a more involved representation theory. Null states in $\mathbb{V}(\mathcal{T})$ can give rise to…

We analyze the N=2 superconformal field theories that arise when a pair of D3-branes probe an F-theory singularity from the perspective of the associated vertex operator algebra. We identify these vertex operator algebras for all cases; we…

This paper begins with a brief survey of the period prior to and soon after the creation of the theory of vertex operator algebras (VOAs). This survey is intended to highlight some of the important developments leading to the creation of…

We construct vertex operator representations for the full (N+1)-toroidal Lie algebra g. We associate with g a toroidal vertex operator algebra, which is a tensor product of an affine VOA, a sub-VOA of a hyperbolic lattice VOA, affine sl(N)…