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Outliers are ubiquitous in modern data sets. Distance-based techniques are a popular non-parametric approach to outlier detection as they require no prior assumptions on the data generating distribution and are simple to implement. Scaling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-04 Mario Lucic , Olivier Bachem , Andreas Krause

A weighted likelihood approach for robust fitting of a mixture of multivariate Gaussian components is developed in this work. Two approaches have been proposed that are driven by a suitable modification of the standard EM and CEM…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-19 Luca Greco , Claudio Agostinelli

In high reliability standards fields such as automotive, avionics or aerospace, the detection of anomalies is crucial. An efficient methodology for automatically detecting multivariate outliers is introduced. It takes advantage of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-01 Aurore Archimbaud , Klaus Nordhausen , Anne Ruiz-Gazen

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) examples is an important task for deploying reliable machine learning models in safety-critial applications. While post-hoc methods based on the Mahalanobis distance applied to pre-logit features are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Maximilian Mueller , Matthias Hein

There is an increasingly apparent need for validating the classifications made by deep learning systems in safety-critical applications like autonomous vehicle systems. A number of recent papers have proposed methods for detecting anomalous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-10 Taylor Denouden , Rick Salay , Krzysztof Czarnecki , Vahdat Abdelzad , Buu Phan , Sachin Vernekar

Dialect classification is used in a variety of applications, such as machine translation and speech recognition, to improve the overall performance of the system. In a real-world scenario, a deployed dialect classification model can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Sourya Dipta Das , Yash Vadi , Abhishek Unnam , Kuldeep Yadav

Deep learning models have become a popular choice for medical image analysis. However, the poor generalization performance of deep learning models limits them from being deployed in the real world as robustness is critical for medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Anisie Uwimana1 , Ransalu Senanayake

Implementing neural networks for clinical use in medical applications necessitates the ability for the network to detect when input data differs significantly from the training data, with the aim of preventing unreliable predictions. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Harry Anthony , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

For many machine learning algorithms such as $k$-Nearest Neighbor ($k$-NN) classifiers and $ k $-means clustering, often their success heavily depends on the metric used to calculate distances between different data points. An effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-03-03 Chunhua Shen , Junae Kim , Lei Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical component for ensuring the reliability of deep neural networks in safety-critical applications. In this work, we present a key empirical observation: for in-distribution (ID) samples,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Donghwan Kim , Hyunsoo Yoon

Real data often contain anomalous cases, also known as outliers. These may spoil the resulting analysis but they may also contain valuable information. In either case, the ability to detect such anomalies is essential. A useful tool for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-13 Peter J. Rousseeuw , Mia Hubert

The product moment covariance is a cornerstone of multivariate data analysis, from which one can derive correlations, principal components, Mahalanobis distances and many other results. Unfortunately the product moment covariance and the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-21 Jakob Raymaekers , Peter J. Rousseeuw

Reliable outlier detection in high-dimensional data is crucial in modern science, yet it remains a challenging task. Traditional methods often break down in these settings due to their reliance on asymptotic behaviors with respect to sample…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-05 Seong-ho Lee , Yongho Jeon

Multivariate location and scatter matrix estimation is a cornerstone in multivariate data analysis. We consider this problem when the data may contain independent cellwise and casewise outliers. Flat data sets with a large number of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-24 Claudio Agostinelli , Andy Leung , Victor J. Yohai , Ruben H. Zamar

Rare data in a large-scale database are called outliers that reveal significant information in the real world. The subspace-based outlier detection is regarded as a feasible approach in very high dimensional space. However, the outliers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Zhana Bao

Traditional techniques for calculating outstanding claim liabilities such as the chain ladder are notoriously at risk of being distorted by outliers in past claims data. Unfortunately, the literature in robust methods of reserving is scant,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-04 Benjamin Avanzi , Mark Lavender , Greg Taylor , Bernard Wong

Sparse estimation methods capable of tolerating outliers have been broadly investigated in the last decade. We contribute to this research considering high-dimensional regression problems contaminated by multiple mean-shift outliers which…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-21 Luca Insolia , Ana Kenney , Francesca Chiaromonte , Giovanni Felici

We propose a general approach to handle data contaminations that might disrupt the performance of feature selection and estimation procedures for high-dimensional linear models. Specifically, we consider the co-occurrence of mean-shift and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-23 Luca Insolia , Francesca Chiaromonte , Runze Li , Marco Riani

Outlying observations can be challenging to handle and adversely affect subsequent analyses, especially in data with increasing dimensional complexity. Although outliers are not always undesired anomalies in the data and may possess…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-18 Anthony-Alexander Christidis , Gabriela Cohen-Freue

In this paper, we propose the Minimum Regularized Covariance Trace (MRCT) estimator, a novel method for robust covariance estimation and functional outlier detection. The MRCT estimator employs a subset-based approach that prioritizes…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-11 Jeremy Oguamalam , Una Radojičić , Peter Filzmoser