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With the continuous growth of internet users and media content, it is very hard to track down hateful speech in audio and video. Converting video or audio into text does not detect hate speech accurately as human sometimes uses hateful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Fariha Tahosin Boishakhi , Ponkoj Chandra Shill , Md. Golam Rabiul Alam

Hate speech relies heavily on cultural influences, leading to varying individual interpretations. For that reason, we propose a Semantic Componential Analysis (SCA) framework for a cross-cultural and cross-domain analysis of hate speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Katerina Korre , Arianna Muti , Federico Ruggeri , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño

This work proposes a new challenge set for multimodal classification, focusing on detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. It is constructed such that unimodal models struggle and only multimodal models can succeed: difficult examples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Douwe Kiela , Hamed Firooz , Aravind Mohan , Vedanuj Goswami , Amanpreet Singh , Pratik Ringshia , Davide Testuggine

Automatic detection of hate and abusive language is essential to combat its online spread. Moreover, recognising and explaining hate speech serves to educate people about its negative effects. However, most current detection models operate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Paloma Piot , Javier Parapar

The enormous amount of data being generated on the web and social media has increased the demand for detecting online hate speech. Detecting hate speech will reduce their negative impact and influence on others. A lot of effort in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Hind Saleh , Areej Alhothali , Kawthar Moria

Offensive or antagonistic language targeted at individuals and social groups based on their personal characteristics (also known as cyber hate speech or cyberhate) has been frequently posted and widely circulated viathe World Wide Web. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Wafa Alorainy , Pete Burnap , Han Liu , Matthew Williams

Hate speech is a harmful form of online expression, often manifesting as derogatory posts. It is a significant risk in digital environments. With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is concern about their potential to replicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Paloma Piot , Javier Parapar

Hateful memes are widespread in social media and convey negative information. The main challenge of hateful memes detection is that the expressive meaning can not be well recognized by a single modality. In order to further integrate modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Weibo Zhang , Guihua Liu , Zhuohua Li , Fuqing Zhu

In the current era of the internet, where social media platforms are easily accessible for everyone, people often have to deal with threats, identity attacks, hate, and bullying due to their association with a cast, creed, gender, religion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zaki Mustafa Farooqi , Sreyan Ghosh , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Building a benchmark dataset for hate speech detection presents various challenges. Firstly, because hate speech is relatively rare, random sampling of tweets to annotate is very inefficient in finding hate speech. To address this, prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Md Mustafizur Rahman , Dinesh Balakrishnan , Dhiraj Murthy , Mucahid Kutlu , Matthew Lease

In the wake of a polarizing election, the cyber world is laden with hate speech. Context accompanying a hate speech text is useful for identifying hate speech, which however has been largely overlooked in existing datasets and hate speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Lei Gao , Ruihong Huang

Memes are used for spreading ideas through social networks. Although most memes are created for humor, some memes become hateful under the combination of pictures and text. Automatically detecting the hateful memes can help reduce their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Yi Zhou , Zhenhao Chen

With the proliferation of social media, accurate detection of hate speech has become critical to ensure safety online. To combat nuanced forms of hate speech, it is important to identify and thoroughly explain hate speech to help users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yongjin Yang , Joonkee Kim , Yujin Kim , Namgyu Ho , James Thorne , Se-young Yun

Memes are widely used for humor and cultural commentary, but they are increasingly exploited to spread hateful content. Due to their multimodal nature, hateful memes often evade traditional text-only or image-only detection systems,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ali Anaissi , Junaid Akram , Kunal Chaturvedi , Ali Braytee

Our work advances an approach for predicting hate speech in social media, drawing out the critical need to consider the discussions that follow a post to successfully detect when hateful discourse may arise. Using graph transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Liam Hebert , Hong Yi Chen , Robin Cohen , Lukasz Golab

The ubiquity of offensive and hateful content on online fora necessitates the need for automatic solutions that detect such content competently across target groups. In this paper we show that text classification models trained on large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Darsh J Shah , Sinong Wang , Han Fang , Hao Ma , Luke Zettlemoyer

We present a neural-network based approach to classifying online hate speech in general, as well as racist and sexist speech in particular. Using pre-trained word embeddings and max/mean pooling from simple, fully-connected transformations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Rohan Kshirsagar , Tyus Cukuvac , Kathleen McKeown , Susan McGregor

Algorithmic hate speech detection faces significant challenges due to the diverse definitions and datasets used in research and practice. Social media platforms, legal frameworks, and institutions each apply distinct yet overlapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jan Fillies , Adrian Paschke

Hate, derogatory, and offensive speech remains a persistent challenge in online platforms and public discourse. While automated detection systems are widely used, most focus on censorship or removal, raising concerns for transparency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jason Liartis , Eirini Kaldeli , Lambrini Gyftokosta , Eleftherios Chelioudakis , Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis

Identifying the targets of hate speech is a crucial step in grasping the nature of such speech and, ultimately, in improving the detection of offensive posts on online forums. Much harmful content on online platforms uses implicit language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Nazanin Jafari , James Allan , Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar