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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) has become an essential strategy for adapting them to specialized tasks; however, this process introduces significant privacy challenges, as sensitive training data may be inadvertently memorized and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Hao Du , Shang Liu , Yang Cao

The deployment of deep learning applications has to address the growing privacy concerns when using private and sensitive data for training. A conventional deep learning model is prone to privacy attacks that can recover the sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Di Gao , Cheng Zhuo

Training machine learning models based on neural networks requires large datasets, which may contain sensitive information. The models, however, should not expose private information from these datasets. Differentially private SGD [DP-SGD]…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Francisco Aguilera-Martínez , Fernando Berzal

Gradient leakage attacks are considered one of the wickedest privacy threats in deep learning as attackers covertly spy gradient updates during iterative training without compromising model training quality, and yet secretly reconstruct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Wenqi Wei , Ling Liu

Designing privacy-preserving machine learning algorithms has received great attention in recent years, especially in the setting when the data contains sensitive information. Differential privacy (DP) is a widely used mechanism for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chunyang Liao , Deanna Needell , Hayden Schaeffer , Alexander Xue

Differential privacy is a strong notion for privacy that can be used to prove formal guarantees, in terms of a privacy budget, $\epsilon$, about how much information is leaked by a mechanism. However, implementations of privacy-preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Bargav Jayaraman , David Evans

Applying machine learning (ML) to sensitive domains requires privacy protection of the underlying training data through formal privacy frameworks, such as differential privacy (DP). Yet, usually, the privacy of the training data comes at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Franziska Boenisch , Christopher Mühl , Roy Rinberg , Jannis Ihrig , Adam Dziedzic

Deep neural networks with their large number of parameters are highly flexible learning systems. The high flexibility in such networks brings with some serious problems such as overfitting, and regularization is used to address this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-20 Beyza Ermis , Ali Taylan Cemgil

It has been demonstrated that hidden representation learned by a deep model can encode private information of the input, hence can be exploited to recover such information with reasonable accuracy. To address this issue, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Lingjuan Lyu , Xuanli He , Yitong Li

Machine learning (ML) models can memorize training datasets. As a result, training ML models over private datasets can lead to the violation of individuals' privacy. Differential privacy (DP) is a rigorous privacy notion to preserve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Mohammad Hoseinpour , Milad Hoseinpour , Ali Aghagolzadeh

Differential privacy (DP) is the de facto standard for training machine learning (ML) models, including neural networks, while ensuring the privacy of individual examples in the training set. Despite a rich literature on how to train ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Alexey Kurakin , Shuang Song , Steve Chien , Roxana Geambasu , Andreas Terzis , Abhradeep Thakurta

Many high-stakes applications require machine learning models that protect user privacy and provide well-calibrated, accurate predictions. While Differential Privacy (DP) is the gold standard for protecting user privacy, standard DP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ossi Räisä , Stratis Markou , Matthew Ashman , Wessel P. Bruinsma , Marlon Tobaben , Antti Honkela , Richard E. Turner

Train machine learning models on sensitive user data has raised increasing privacy concerns in many areas. Federated learning is a popular approach for privacy protection that collects the local gradient information instead of real data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Lichao Sun , Jianwei Qian , Xun Chen

Differential privacy (DP) is the prevailing technique for protecting user data in machine learning models. However, deficits to this framework include a lack of clarity for selecting the privacy budget $\epsilon$ and a lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Tyler LeBlond , Joseph Munoz , Fred Lu , Maya Fuchs , Elliott Zaresky-Williams , Edward Raff , Brian Testa

Differential privacy (DP) is applied when fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to limit leakage of training examples. While most DP research has focused on improving a model's privacy-utility tradeoff, some find that DP can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Md. Khairul Islam , Andrew Wang , Tianhao Wang , Yangfeng Ji , Judy Fox , Jieyu Zhao

Differential privacy is one of the methods to solve the problem of privacy protection in federated learning. Setting the same privacy budget for each round will result in reduced accuracy in training. The existing methods of the adjustment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Zhiqiang Wang , Xinyue Yu , Qianli Huang , Yongguang Gong

With the growing adoption of privacy-preserving machine learning algorithms, such as Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD), training or fine-tuning models on private datasets has become increasingly prevalent. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Hong Guan , Lei Yu , Lixi Zhou , Li Xiong , Kanchan Chowdhury , Lulu Xie , Xusheng Xiao , Jia Zou

Deep learning models are known to put the privacy of their training data at risk, which poses challenges for their safe and ethical release to the public. Differentially private stochastic gradient descent is the de facto standard for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Morgane Ayle , Jan Schuchardt , Lukas Gosch , Daniel Zügner , Stephan Günnemann

The surge in multimodal AI's success has sparked concerns over data privacy in vision-and-language tasks. While CLIP has revolutionized multimodal learning through joint training on images and text, its potential to unintentionally disclose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Alyssa Huang , Peihan Liu , Ryumei Nakada , Linjun Zhang , Wanrong Zhang

Local differential privacy (LDP) has become a central topic in data privacy research, offering strong privacy guarantees by perturbing user data at the source and removing the need for a trusted curator. However, the noise introduced by LDP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Caihong Qin , Yang Bai