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Games and simulators can be a valuable platform to execute complex multi-agent, multiplayer, imperfect information scenarios with significant parallels to military applications: multiple participants manage resources and make decisions that…

We present an end-to-end, model-based deep reinforcement learning agent which dynamically attends to relevant parts of its state during planning. The agent uses a bottleneck mechanism over a set-based representation to force the number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Mingde Zhao , Zhen Liu , Sitao Luan , Shuyuan Zhang , Doina Precup , Yoshua Bengio

We address the long-horizon gap in large language model (LLM) agents by enabling them to sustain coherent strategies in adversarial, stochastic environments. Settlers of Catan provides a challenging benchmark: success depends on balancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nikolas Belle , Dakota Barnes , Alfonso Amayuelas , Ivan Bercovich , Xin Eric Wang , William Wang

Multiplayer games have long been used as testbeds in artificial intelligence research, aptly referred to as the Drosophila of artificial intelligence. Traditionally, researchers have focused on using well-known games to build strong agents.…

In this paper, we introduce a new type of bionic AI that enhances decision-making unpredictability by incorporating responses from a living fly. Traditional AI systems, while reliable and predictable, lack nuanced and sometimes unseasoned…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Denys J. C. Matthies , Ruben Schlonsak , Hanzhi Zhuang , Rui Song

The emergence of complex life on Earth is often attributed to the arms race that ensued from a huge number of organisms all competing for finite resources. We present an artificial intelligence research environment, inspired by the human…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Joseph Suarez , Yilun Du , Phillip Isola , Igor Mordatch

Social deduction games such as Mafia present a unique AI challenge: players must reason under uncertainty, interpret incomplete and intentionally misleading information, evaluate human-like communication, and make strategic elimination…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Mihir Shriniwas Arya , Avinash Anish , Aditya Ranjan

Game-theoretic scenarios have become pivotal in evaluating the social intelligence of Large Language Model (LLM)-based social agents. While numerous studies have explored these agents in such settings, there is a lack of a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xiachong Feng , Longxu Dou , Ella Li , Qinghao Wang , Haochuan Wang , Yu Guo , Chang Ma , Lingpeng Kong

This paper offers a roadmap for the development of scalable aligned artificial intelligence (AI) from first principle descriptions of natural intelligence. In brief, a possible path toward scalable aligned AI rests upon enabling artificial…

Language model agents excel in long-session planning and reasoning, but existing benchmarks primarily focus on goal-oriented tasks with explicit objectives, neglecting creative adaptation in unfamiliar environments. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Cheng Qian , Peixuan Han , Qinyu Luo , Bingxiang He , Xiusi Chen , Yuji Zhang , Hongyi Du , Jiarui Yao , Xiaocheng Yang , Denghui Zhang , Yunzhu Li , Heng Ji

In strategy games, one of the most important aspects of game design is maintaining a sense of challenge for players. Many mobile titles feature quick gameplay loops that allow players to progress steadily, requiring an abundance of levels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Joakim Bergdahl , Alessandro Sestini , Linus Gisslén

Generative AI agents in life sciences face a critical challenge: determining the optimal approach for diverse queries ranging from simple factoid questions to complex mechanistic reasoning. Traditional methods rely on fixed rules or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Nihir Chadderwala

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

Video games are a natural and synergistic application domain for artificial intelligence (AI) systems, offering both the potential to enhance player experience and immersion, as well as providing valuable benchmarks and virtual environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Markus Dablander

Games can be a powerful tool for learning about statistical methodology. Effective game design involves a fine balance between caricature and realism, to simultaneously illustrate salient concepts in a controlled setting and serve as a…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2018-05-15 Robert B. Gramacy

The rapid growth of AI agent ecosystems is transforming how complex tasks are delegated and executed, creating a new challenge of identifying suitable agents for a given task. Unlike traditional tools, agent capabilities are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bin Wu , Arastun Mammadli , Xiaoyu Zhang , Emine Yilmaz

Optimizing strategic decisions (a.k.a. computing equilibrium) is key to the success of many non-cooperative multi-agent applications. However, in many real-world situations, we may face the exact opposite of this game-theoretic problem --…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Jibang Wu , Weiran Shen , Fei Fang , Haifeng Xu

With respect to digital games, older adults are a demographic that is often underserved due to an industry-wide focus on younger audiences' preferences and skill sets. Meanwhile, as artificial intelligence (AI) continues to expand into…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yichi Zhang , Brandon Lyman , Celia Pearce , Miso Kim , Casper Harteveld , Leanne Chukoskie , Bob De Schutter

A fundamental assumption made by classical AI planners is that there is no uncertainty in the world: the planner has full knowledge of the conditions under which the plan will be executed and the outcome of every action is fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 L. Pryor , G. Collins

Evaluating AI agents in finance faces two key challenges: static benchmarks require costly expert annotation yet miss the dynamic decision-making central to real-world trading, while LLM-based judges introduce uncontrolled variance on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiaochuang Yuan , Hui Xu , Silvia Xu , Cui Zou , Jing Xiong