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We introduce Fluid Annotation, an intuitive human-machine collaboration interface for annotating the class label and outline of every object and background region in an image. Fluid annotation is based on three principles: (I) Strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Mykhaylo Andriluka , Jasper R. R. Uijlings , Vittorio Ferrari

In this study, we implement a novel BERT architecture for multitask fine-tuning on three downstream tasks: sentiment classification, paraphrase detection, and semantic textual similarity prediction. Our model, Multitask BERT, incorporates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Christopher Sun , Abishek Satish

The lack of labeled data is a major obstacle to learning high-quality sentence embeddings. Recently, self-supervised contrastive learning (SCL) is regarded as a promising way to address this problem. However, the existing works mainly rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Junhan Yang , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Jianxun Lian , Lijun Wu , Defu Lian , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie

Data annotation is crucial for developing machine learning solutions. The current paradigm is to hire ordinary human annotators to annotate data instructed by expert-crafted guidelines. As this paradigm is laborious, tedious, and costly, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yechi Ma , Wei Hua , Shu Kong

Similarity between objects is multi-faceted and it can be easier for human annotators to measure it when the focus is on a specific aspect. We consider the problem of mapping objects into view-specific embeddings where the distance between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-08 Liwen Zhang , Subhransu Maji , Ryota Tomioka

We consider the problem of embedding character-entity relationships from the reduced semantic space of narratives, proposing and evaluating the assumption that these relationships hold under a reflection operation. We analyze this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Mikolaj Figurski

This paper proposes a novel training scheme for fast matching models in Search Ads, which is motivated by the real challenges in model training. The first challenge stems from the pursuit of high throughput, which prohibits the deployment…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Xue Li , Zhipeng Luo , Hao Sun , Jianjin Zhang , Weihao Han , Xianqi Chu , Liangjie Zhang , Qi Zhang

In order to design haptic icons or build a haptic vocabulary, we require a set of easily distinguishable haptic signals to avoid perceptual ambiguity, which in turn requires a way to accurately estimate the perceptual (dis)similarity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Priyadarshini Kumari , Siddhartha Chaudhuri , Subhasis Chaudhuri

We propose an architecture to jointly learn word and label embeddings for slot filling in spoken language understanding. The proposed approach encodes labels using a combination of word embeddings and straightforward word-label association…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Jiewen Wu , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Nancy F. Chen , Pavitra Krishnaswamy , Rafael E. Banchs

Researchers have raised awareness about the harms of aggregating labels especially in subjective tasks that naturally contain disagreements among human annotators. In this work we show that models that are only provided aggregated labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Abhishek Anand , Negar Mokhberian , Prathyusha Naresh Kumar , Anweasha Saha , Zihao He , Ashwin Rao , Fred Morstatter , Kristina Lerman

Modern machine learning models typically represent inputs as fixed points in a high-dimensional embedding space. While this approach has been proven powerful for a wide range of downstream tasks, it fundamentally differs from the way humans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Frieda Born , Tom Neuhäuser , Lukas Muttenthaler , Brett D. Roads , Bernhard Spitzer , Andrew K. Lampinen , Matt Jones , Klaus-Robert Müller , Michael C. Mozer

Word embeddings have been shown to benefit from ensambling several word embedding sources, often carried out using straightforward mathematical operations over the set of word vectors. More recently, self-supervised learning has been used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-27 James O' Neill , Danushka Bollegala

Data imbalance is easily found in annotated data when the observations of certain continuous label values are difficult to collect for regression tasks. When they come to molecule and polymer property predictions, the annotated graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Gang Liu , Tong Zhao , Eric Inae , Tengfei Luo , Meng Jiang

Recent research in the field of computer vision strongly focuses on deep learning architectures to tackle image processing problems. Deep neural networks are often considered in complex image processing scenarios since traditional computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Marcel P. Schilling , Luca Rettenberger , Friedrich Münke , Haijun Cui , Anna A. Popova , Pavel A. Levkin , Ralf Mikut , Markus Reischl

Scarcity of high quality annotated images remains a limiting factor for training accurate image segmentation models. While more and more annotated datasets become publicly available, the number of samples in each individual database is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Gregory Filbrandt , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , David Bernstein , Alexandra Taylor , Ben Glocker

Aggregating multiple annotations into a single ground truth label may hide valuable insights into annotator disagreement, particularly in tasks where subjectivity plays a crucial role. In this work, we explore methods for identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Amir Homayounirad , Enrico Liscio , Tong Wang , Catholijn M. Jonker , Luciano C. Siebert

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) models are typically trained in a supervised learning framework. In the case of intent classification, the predicted labels are predefined and based on the designed annotation schema while the labelling…

Existing discourse corpora are annotated based on different frameworks, which show significant dissimilarities in definitions of arguments and relations and structural constraints. Despite surface differences, these frameworks share basic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yingxue Fu

Accurate instrument segmentation in endoscopic vision of robot-assisted surgery is challenging due to reflection on the instruments and frequent contacts with tissue. Deep neural networks (DNN) show competitive performance and are in favor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Haonan Peng , Shan Lin , Daniel King , Yun-Hsuan Su , Randall A. Bly , Kris S. Moe , Blake Hannaford

Table annotation is crucial for making web and enterprise tables usable in downstream NLP applications. Unlike textual data where learning semantically rich token or sentence embeddings often suffice, tables are structured combinations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ehsan Hoseinzade , Ke Wang , Anandharaju Durai Raju