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Although neural models have performed impressively well on various tasks such as image recognition and question answering, their reasoning ability has been measured in only few studies. In this work, we focus on spatial reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Hyunjae Kim , Yookyung Koh , Jinheon Baek , Jaewoo Kang

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and is applicable in various fields, including science, engineering, finance, and everyday life. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of solving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Pan Lu , Liang Qiu , Wenhao Yu , Sean Welleck , Kai-Wei Chang

Creating learning models that can exhibit sophisticated reasoning skills is one of the greatest challenges in deep learning research, and mathematics is rapidly becoming one of the target domains for assessing scientific progress in this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Alberto Testolin

Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

Mathematical reasoning serves as a cornerstone for assessing the fundamental cognitive capabilities of human intelligence. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) geared towards the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Janice Ahn , Rishu Verma , Renze Lou , Di Liu , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

Reasoning, the ability to logically draw conclusions from existing knowledge, is a hallmark of human. Together with perception, they constitute the two major themes of artificial intelligence. While deep learning has pushed the limit of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhaocheng Zhu

Answering compositional questions that require multiple steps of reasoning against text is challenging, especially when they involve discrete, symbolic operations. Neural module networks (NMNs) learn to parse such questions as executable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Nitish Gupta , Kevin Lin , Dan Roth , Sameer Singh , Matt Gardner

A plausible definition of "reasoning" could be "algebraically manipulating previously acquired knowledge in order to answer a new question". This definition covers first-order logical inference or probabilistic inference. It also includes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-14 Leon Bottou

Large language models have recently shown promising progress in mathematical reasoning when fine-tuned with human-generated sequences walking through a sequence of solution steps. However, the solution sequences are not formally structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Andrew J. Nam , Mengye Ren , Chelsea Finn , James L. McClelland

A longstanding question in cognitive science concerns the learning mechanisms underlying compositionality in human cognition. Humans can infer the structured relationships (e.g., grammatical rules) implicit in their sensory observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Jacob Russin , Roland Fernandez , Hamid Palangi , Eric Rosen , Nebojsa Jojic , Paul Smolensky , Jianfeng Gao

Neural algorithmic reasoning is an emerging area of machine learning focusing on building models that can imitate the execution of classic algorithms, such as sorting, shortest paths, etc. One of the main challenges is to learn algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Gleb Rodionov , Liudmila Prokhorenkova

Reasoning is central to human intelligence, enabling structured problem-solving across diverse tasks. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their reasoning abilities in arithmetic, commonsense, and symbolic…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in mathematical reasoning capabilities. However, we argue that current large-scale reasoning models primarily rely on scaling up training datasets with diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jiayi Kuang , Haojing Huang , Yinghui Li , Xinnian Liang , Zhikun Xu , Yangning Li , Xiaoyu Tan , Chao Qu , Meishan Zhang , Ying Shen , Philip S. Yu

Answering complex questions that require multi-step multi-type reasoning over raw text is challenging, especially when conducting numerical reasoning. Neural Module Networks(NMNs), follow the programmer-interpreter framework and design…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Jiayi Chen , Xiao-Yu Guo , Yuan-Fang Li , Gholamreza Haffari

Mathematical reasoning would be one of the next frontiers for artificial intelligence to make significant progress. The ongoing surge to solve math word problems (MWPs) and hence achieve better mathematical reasoning ability would continue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Keyur Faldu , Amit Sheth , Prashant Kikani , Manas Gaur , Aditi Avasthi

Mathematical reasoning is regarded as a necessary ability for Language Models (LMs). Recent works demonstrate large LMs' impressive performance in solving math problems. The success is attributed to their Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Tianduo Wang , Wei Lu

Trying to be effective (no matter who exactly and in what field) a person face the problem which inevitably destroys all our attempts to easily get to a desired goal. The problem is the existence of some insuperable barriers for our mind,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Kirill A. Sorudeykin

Algorithms have been fundamental to recent global technological advances and, in particular, they have been the cornerstone of technical advances in one field rapidly being applied to another. We argue that algorithms possess fundamentally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Petar Veličković , Charles Blundell

Solving symbolic reasoning problems that require compositionality and systematicity is considered one of the key ingredients of human intelligence. However, symbolic reasoning is still a great challenge for deep learning models, which often…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Flavio Petruzzellis , Alberto Testolin , Alessandro Sperduti

Neural networks have succeeded in many reasoning tasks. Empirically, these tasks require specialized network structures, e.g., Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) perform well on many such tasks, but less structured networks fail. Theoretically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Keyulu Xu , Jingling Li , Mozhi Zhang , Simon S. Du , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Stefanie Jegelka
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