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Sample-average approximations (SAA) are a practical means of finding approximate solutions of stochastic programming problems involving an extremely large (or infinite) number of scenarios. SAA can also be used to find estimates of a lower…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2014-05-08 Jiajie Chen , Cong Han Lim , Peter Z. G. Qian , Jeff Linderoth , Stephen J. Wright

We present adaptive sequential SAA (sample average approximation) algorithms to solve large-scale two-stage stochastic linear programs. The iterative algorithm framework we propose is organized into \emph{outer} and \emph{inner} iterations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-08 Raghu Pasupathy , Yongjia Song

Sample average approximation (SAA) is a tractable approach for dealing with chance constrained programming, a challenging stochastic optimization problem. The constraint of SAA is characterized by the $0/1$ loss function which results in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Shenglong Zhou , Lili Pan , Naihua Xiu , Geoffrey Ye Li

We revisit the sample average approximation (SAA) approach for non-convex stochastic programming. We show that applying the SAA approach to problems with expected value equality constraints does not necessarily result in asymptotic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Thomas Lew , Riccardo Bonalli , Marco Pavone

Sample average approximation (SAA) is a technique for obtaining approximate solutions to stochastic programs that uses the average from a random sample to approximate the expected value that is being optimized. Since the outcome from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Harshit Kothari , James R. Luedtke

This article describes a novel approach to chance-constrained programming based on the sample average approximation (SAA) method. Recent work focuses on heuristic approximations to the SAA problem and we introduce a novel approach which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-25 Rick Jeuken , Michael Forbes

Sample average approximation (SAA), a popular method for tractably solving stochastic optimization problems, enjoys strong asymptotic performance guarantees in settings with independent training samples. However, these guarantees are not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-13 Yafei Wang , Bo Pan , Wei Tu , Peng Liu , Bei Jiang , Chao Gao , Wei Lu , Shangling Jui , Linglong Kong

Sample average approximation (SAA) is a widely popular approach to data-driven decision-making under uncertainty. Under mild assumptions, SAA is both tractable and enjoys strong asymptotic performance guarantees. Similar guarantees,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-03 Dimitris Bertsimas , Vishal Gupta , Nathan Kallus

We consider constrained optimization problems with a nonsmooth objective function in the form of mathematical expectation. The Sample Average Approximation (SAA) is used to estimate the objective function and variable sample size strategy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-09 Natasa Krejic , Natasa Krklec Jerinkic , Tijana Ostojic

This paper concerns a high-dimensional stochastic programming problem of minimizing a function of expected cost with a matrix argument. To this problem, one of the most widely applied solution paradigms is the sample average approximation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-22 Hongcheng Liu , Charles Hernandez , Hung Yi Lee

Two-stage stochastic optimization is a framework for modeling uncertainty, where we have a probability distribution over possible realizations of the data, called scenarios, and decisions are taken in two stages: we make first-stage…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Andre Linhares , Chaitanya Swamy

Sample average approximation (SAA) replaces an intractable expected objective by an empirical average and is a basic device of modern stochastic optimization. We develop a rate theory for optimal values and empirical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Hien Duy Nguyen , Jacob Westerhout , Xin Guo

The scenario approach is widely used in robust control system design and chance-constrained optimization, maintaining convexity without requiring assumptions about the probability distribution of uncertain parameters. However, the approach…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Jaeseok Choi , Anand Deo , Constantino Lagoa , Anirudh Subramanyam

We investigate sample average approximation (SAA) for two-stage stochastic programs without relatively complete recourse, i.e., for problems in which there are first-stage feasible solutions that are not guaranteed to have a feasible…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Rui Chen , James Luedtke

We consider stochastic optimization problems which use observed data to estimate essential characteristics of the random quantities involved. Sample average approximation (SAA) or empirical (plug-in) estimation are very popular ways to use…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-16 Darinka Dentcheva , Yang Lin

This paper is a study on solutions of the Sample Average Approximation Method to solve compound stochastic programs. We derive nonasymptotic upper estimates for probabilities of the approximation errors. The results depend on the sample…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Volker Kratschmer

We study sample average approximations (SAA) of chance constrained programs. SAA methods typically approximate the actual distribution in the chance constraint using an empirical distribution constructed from random samples assumed to be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-13 Shuhao Yan , Francesca Parise , Eilyan Bitar

The sample average approximation (SAA) approach is applied to risk-neutral optimization problems governed by semilinear elliptic partial differential equations with random inputs. After constructing a compact set that contains the SAA…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Johannes Milz , Michael Ulbrich

When there are infinitely many scenarios, the current studies of two-stage stochastic programming problems rely on the relatively complete recourse assumption. However, such assumption can be unrealistic for many real-world problems. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-03 Rui Peng Liu

In this paper, we examine the Sample Average Approximation (SAA) procedure within a framework where the Monte Carlo estimator of the expectation is biased. We also introduce Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) in the SAA setup to enhance the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-29 Devang Sinha , Siddhartha P. Chakrabarty
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