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Neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) are a popular family of continuous-depth deep learning models. In this work, we consider a large family of parameterized ODEs with continuous-in-time parameters, which include…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-13 Pierre Marion

Residual neural networks (ResNets) are a promising class of deep neural networks that have shown excellent performance for a number of learning tasks, e.g., image classification and recognition. Mathematically, ResNet architectures can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-26 S. Günther , L. Ruthotto , J. B. Schroder , E. C. Cyr , N. R. Gauger

Neural networks have been very successful in many applications; we often, however, lack a theoretical understanding of what the neural networks are actually learning. This problem emerges when trying to generalise to new data sets. The…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Matthew Thorpe , Yves van Gennip

Residual Network (ResNet) is undoubtedly a milestone in deep learning. ResNet is equipped with shortcut connections between layers, and exhibits efficient training using simple first order algorithms. Despite of the great empirical success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Tianyi Liu , Minshuo Chen , Mo Zhou , Simon S. Du , Enlu Zhou , Tuo Zhao

The trend towards increasingly deep neural networks has been driven by a general observation that increasing depth increases the performance of a network. Recently, however, evidence has been amassing that simply increasing depth may not be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Zifeng Wu , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

Generalization of deep neural networks remains one of the main open problems in machine learning. Previous theoretical works focused on deriving tight bounds of model complexity, while empirical works revealed that neural networks exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 James Wang , Cheng-Lin Yang

In this paper, we explain the universal approximation capabilities of deep residual neural networks through geometric nonlinear control. Inspired by recent work establishing links between residual networks and control systems, we provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Paulo Tabuada , Bahman Gharesifard

Scaling factors in residual branches have emerged as a prevalent method for boosting neural network performance, especially in normalization-free architectures. While prior work has primarily examined scaling effects from an optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zixiong Yu , Guhan Chen , Jianfa Lai , Bohan Li , Songtao Tian

The Residual Network (ResNet), proposed in He et al. (2015), utilized shortcut connections to significantly reduce the difficulty of training, which resulted in great performance boosts in terms of both training and generalization error. It…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Sihan Li , Jiantao Jiao , Yanjun Han , Tsachy Weissman

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has revolutionized computer vision, but training very deep networks has been challenging due to the vanishing gradient problem. This paper explores Residual Networks (ResNet), introduced by He et al.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xingyu Liu , Kun Ming Goh

Residual networks (ResNets) represent a powerful type of convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, widely adopted and used in various tasks. In this work we propose an improved version of ResNets. Our proposed improvements address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Ionut Cosmin Duta , Li Liu , Fan Zhu , Ling Shao

This dissertation studies a fundamental open challenge in deep learning theory: why do deep networks generalize well even while being overparameterized, unregularized and fitting the training data to zero error? In the first part of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan

Determining the optimal depth of a neural network is a fundamental yet challenging problem, typically resolved through resource-intensive experimentation. This paper introduces a formal theoretical framework to address this question by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Qian Qi

Modern neural networks (NN) featuring a large number of layers (depth) and units per layer (width) have achieved a remarkable performance across many domains. While there exists a vast literature on the interplay between infinitely wide NNs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-21 Stefano Peluchetti , Stefano Favaro

Training deep neural networks with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can often achieve zero training loss on real-world tasks although the optimization landscape is known to be highly non-convex. To understand the success of SGD for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-15 Yiping Lu , Chao Ma , Yulong Lu , Jianfeng Lu , Lexing Ying

The utilization of residual learning has become widespread in deep and scalable neural nets. However, the fundamental principles that contribute to the success of residual learning remain elusive, thus hindering effective training of plain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Tunhou Zhang , Feng Yan , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Deep Residual Networks present a premium in performance in comparison to conventional networks of the same depth and are trainable at extreme depths. It has recently been shown that Residual Networks behave like ensembles of relatively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Etai Littwin , Lior Wolf

Deep neural networks are known to be difficult to train due to the instability of back-propagation. A deep \emph{residual network} (ResNet) with identity loops remedies this by stabilizing gradient computations. We prove a boosting theory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Furong Huang , Jordan Ash , John Langford , Robert Schapire

The ResNet architecture has been widely adopted in deep learning due to its significant boost to performance through the use of simple skip connections, yet the underlying mechanisms leading to its success remain largely unknown. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Jianing Li , Vardan Papyan

It has been recently observed in much of the literature that neural networks exhibit a bottleneck rank property: for larger depths, the activation and weights of neural networks trained with gradient-based methods tend to be of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Antoine Ledent , Rodrigo Alves , Yunwen Lei