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Anonymity networks hide user identities with the help of relayed anonymity routers. However, the state-of-the-art anonymity networks do not provide an effective trust model. As a result, users cannot circumvent malicious or vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-01-22 Peng Zhou , Xiapu Luo , Ang Chen , Rocky K. C. Chang

Tor is currently one of the more popular systems for anonymizing near real-time communications on the Internet. Recently, Borisov et al. proposed a denial of service based attack on Tor (and related systems) that significantly increases the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-10-04 Norman Danner , Sam DeFabbia-Kane , Danny Krizanc , Marc Liberatore

Tor is an anonymity network used by millions of people every day to evade censorship and protect their browsing activity from privacy threats such as mass surveillance. Unfortunately, Tor has been shown to be vulnerable to website…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Ethan Witwer

Anonymity networks are becoming increasingly popular in today's online world as more users attempt to safeguard their online privacy. Tor is currently the most popular anonymity network in use and provides anonymity to both users and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Ishan Karunanayake , Nadeem Ahmed , Robert Malaney , Rafiqul Islam , Sanjay Jha

The network flow watermarking technique associates the two communicating parties by actively modifying certain characteristics of the stream generated by the sender so that it covertly carries some special marking information. Some curious…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Yali Yuan , Jian Ge , Guang Cheng

Tor is a widely used anonymity network that conceals user identities by routing traffic through encrypted relays, yet it remains vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks that deanonymize users by matching patterns in ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Levente Csikor , Mohan Gurusamy

Tor is a low-latency anonymous communication network that protects user privacy by encrypting website traffic. However, recent website fingerprinting (WF) attacks have shown that encrypted traffic can still leak users' visited websites by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuhao Pan , Wenchao Xu , Fushuo Huo , Haozhao Wang , Xiucheng Wang , Nan Cheng

The Tor network is the most prominent system for providing anonymous communication to web users, with a daily user base of 2 million users. However, since its inception, it has been constantly targeted by various traffic fingerprinting and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Christoph Sendner , Jasper Stang , Alexandra Dmitrienko , Raveen Wijewickrama , Murtuza Jadliwala

Parallel to our physical activities our virtual presence also leaves behind our unique digital fingerprints, while navigating on the Internet. These digital fingerprints have the potential to unveil users' activities encompassing browsing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Blerim Rexha , Arbena Musa , Kamer Vishi , Edlira Martiri

Tor is currently the most popular network for anonymous Internet access. It critically relies on volunteer nodes called bridges for relaying Internet traffic when a user's ISP blocks connections to Tor. Unfortunately, current methods for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Mahdi Zamani , Jared Saia , Jedidiah Crandall

The Tor network offers network anonymity to its users by routing their traffic through a sequence of relays. A group of nine directory authorities maintains information about all available relay nodes using a distributed directory protocol.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zhongtang Luo , Jianting Zhang , Akshat Neerati , Aniket Kate

Website fingerprinting enables a local eavesdropper to determine which websites a user is visiting over an encrypted connection. State-of-the-art website fingerprinting attacks have been shown to be effective even against Tor. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Payap Sirinam , Mohsen Imani , Marc Juarez , Matthew Wright

After carefully considering the scalability problem in Tor and exhaustively evaluating related works on AS-level adversaries, the author proposes ASmoniTor, which is an autonomous system monitor for mitigating correlation attacks in the Tor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Nguyen Phong Hoang

The Tor network enhances clients' privacy by routing traffic through an overlay network of volunteered intermediate relays. Tor employs a distributed protocol among nine hard-coded Directory Authority (DA) servers to securely disseminate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhongtang Luo , Adithya Bhat , Kartik Nayak , Aniket Kate

Current anonymizing networks have become an important tool for guaranteeing users' privacy. However, these platforms can be used to perform illegitimate actions, which sometimes makes service providers see traffic coming from these networks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-12-16 Jesus Diaz , David Arroyo , Francisco B. Rodriguez

In this paper, we present MORTON, a method that identifies compromised devices in enterprise networks based on the existence of routine DNS communication between devices and disreputable host names. With its compact representation of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Yael Daihes , Hen Tzaban , Asaf Nadler , Asaf Shabtai

Motivated by the effectiveness of correlation attacks against Tor, the censorship arms race, and observations of malicious relays in Tor, we propose that Tor users capture their trust in network elements using probability distributions over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-06-16 Aaron D. Jaggard , Aaron Johnson , Paul Syverson , Joan Feigenbaum

Flow correlation is the core technique used in a multitude of deanonymization attacks on Tor. Despite the importance of flow correlation attacks on Tor, existing flow correlation techniques are considered to be ineffective and unreliable in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Milad Nasr , Alireza Bahramali , Amir Houmansadr

Tor provides anonymity to millions of users around the globe which has made it a valuable target for malicious actors. As a low-latency anonymity system, it is vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks from strong passive adversaries such…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Gabriel Karl Gegenhuber , Markus Maier , Florian Holzbauer , Wilfried Mayer , Georg Merzdovnik , Edgar Weippl , Johanna Ullrich

DNS over TLS (DoT) and DNS over HTTPS (DoH) encrypt DNS to guard user privacy by hiding DNS resolutions from passive adversaries. Yet, past attacks have shown that encrypted DNS is still sensitive to traffic analysis. As a consequence, RFC…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Jonas Bushart , Christian Rossow