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Related papers: Lower bounds on the non-Clifford resources for qua…

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Quantum resources like entanglement and magic are essential for characterizing the complexity of quantum states. However, when the number of copies of quantum states and the computational time are limited by numbers polynomial in the system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Wonjun Lee , Hyukjoon Kwon , Gil Young Cho

We develop a resource theory for continuous-variable systems grounded on operations routinely available within current quantum technologies. In particular, the set of free operations is convex and includes quadratic transformations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 Francesco Albarelli , Marco G. Genoni , Matteo G. A. Paris , Alessandro Ferraro

The surface code family is a promising approach to implementing fault-tolerant quantum computations. Universal fault-tolerance requires error-corrected non-Clifford operations, in addition to Clifford gates, and for the former, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Younghun Kim , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

In quantum computing, the nonstabilizerness of quantum operations is crucial for understanding and quantifying quantum speedups. In this study, we explore the phenomena of nonstabilizerness of the quantum SWITCH, a novel structure that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-31 Yin Mo , Chengkai Zhu , Zhiping Liu , Mingrui Jing , Xin Wang

Quantum Fourier analysis is an important topic in mathematical physics. We introduce a systematic protocol for testing and measuring ``magic'' in quantum states and gates, using a quantum Fourier approach. Magic, as a quantum resource, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Kaifeng Bu , Weichen Gu , Arthur Jaffe

Magic (non-stabilizerness) is a necessary but "expensive" kind of "fuel" to drive universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. To properly study and characterize the origin of quantum "complexity" in computation as well as physics, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-16 Zi-Wen Liu , Andreas Winter

Non-Clifford gates are frequently exclusively implemented on fault-tolerant architectures by first distilling magic states in specialised magic-state factories. In the rest of the architecture, the computational space, magic states can then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Eddie Schoute

We give a new algorithm for computing the robustness of magic - a measure of the utility of quantum states as a computational resource. Our work is motivated by the magic state model of fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this model, all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-09 Markus Heinrich , David Gross

In this paper, we derive sharp lower bounds, also known as quantum speed limits, for the time it takes to transform a quantum system into a state such that an observable assumes its lowest average value. We assume that the system is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Dan Allan , Niklas Hörnedal , Ole Andersson

Unraveling the secrets of how much nonstabilizerness a quantum dynamic can generate is crucial for harnessing the power of magic states, the essential resources for achieving quantum advantage and realizing fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Chengkai Zhu , Yu-Ao Chen , Zanqiu Shen , Zhiping Liu , Zhan Yu , Xin Wang

Quantum technologies rely on high-quality resource states, such as maximally entangled or private states, which are indispensable for quantum communication and cryptography. In practice, however, these states are inevitably degraded by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Christopher Popp , Tobias C. Sutter , Beatrix C. Hiesmayr

Non-stabilizerness - also colloquially referred to as magic - is the a resource for advantage in quantum computing and lies in the access to non-Clifford operations. Developing a comprehensive understanding of how non-stabilizerness can be…

Concatenated error-correction schemes are well-understood routes to fault-tolerant quantum computing, and research on such schemes continues, including recent claims that they may be competitive with surface codes, and show potential when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Marco Fellous-Asiani , Hui Khoon Ng , Robert S. Whitney

There are well known necessary and sufficient conditions for a quantum code to correct a set of errors. We study weaker conditions under which a quantum code may correct errors with probabilities that may be less than one. We work with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jesse Fern , John Terilla

Quantum magic, quantified by nonstabilizerness, measures departures from stabilizer structure and underlies potential quantum speedups. We introduce an efficient classical framework for computing stabilizer R\'enyi entropies and stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Zhenyu Xiao , Shinsei Ryu

One of the most promising paths towards large scale fault tolerant quantum computation is the use of quantum error correcting stabilizer codes. Just like every other quantum circuit, these codes must be compiled to hardware in a way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Sahil Khan , Suhas Vittal , Kenneth Brown , Jonathan Baker

In this work we improve the runtime of recent classical algorithms for strong simulation of quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates. The improvement is obtained by establishing a new upper bound on the stabilizer rank of $m$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-22 Hammam Qassim , Hakop Pashayan , David Gosset

A set of stabilizer operations augmented by some special initial states known as 'magic states', gives the possibility of universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, magic state preparation inevitably involves nonideal operations…

Quantum entanglement is a useful resource for implementing communication tasks. However, for the resource to be useful in practice, it needs to be accessible by parties with bounded computational resources. Computational entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Ilia Ryzov , Faedi Loulidi , David Elkouss

Variational techniques have long been at the heart of atomic, solid-state, and many-body physics. They have recently extended to quantum and classical machine learning, providing a basis for representing quantum states via neural networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Thomas Spriggs , Arash Ahmadi , Bokai Chen , Eliska Greplova