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Virtual braids are a combinatorial generalization of braids. We present abstract braids as equivalence classes of braid diagrams on a surface, joining two distinguished boundary components. They are identified up to isotopy, compatibility,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Bruno Aaron Cisneros de La Cruz

Virtual singular braids are generalizations of singular braids and virtual braids. We define the virtual singular braid monoid via generators and relations, and prove Alexander- and Markov-type theorems for virtual singular links. We also…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-12-16 Carmen Caprau , Andrew de la Pena , Sarah McGahan

The virtual singular braid group arises as a natural common generalization of classical singular braid groups and virtual braid groups. In this paper, we study several algebraic properties of the virtual singular braid group $VSG_n$. We…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Oscar Ocampo

We study the algebraic structures of the virtual singular braid monoid, $VSB_n$, and the virtual singular pure braid monoid, $VSP_n$. The monoid $VSB_n$ is the splittable extension of $VSP_n$ by the symmetric group $S_n$. We also construct…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-04-19 Carmen Caprau , Sarah Zepeda

We study combinatorial properties of virtual braid groups and we describe relations with finite type invariant theory for virtual knots and Yang-Baxter equations

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Valerij G. Bardakov , Paolo Bellingeri

In this article, we introduce the singular twin monoid and its corresponding group, constructed from both algebraic and topological perspectives. We then classify all complex homogeneous $2$-local representations of this constructed group.…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Mohamad N. Nasser , Nafaa Chbili

We consider several classes of knotted objects, namely usual, virtual and welded pure braids and string links, and two equivalence relations on those objects, induced by either self-crossing changes or self-virtualizations. We provide a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-11-30 Benjamin Audoux , Paolo Bellingeri , Jean-Baptiste Meilhan , Emmanuel Wagner

We consider the group of unrestricted virtual braids, describe its structure and explore its relations with fused links. Also, we define the groups of flat virtual braids and virtual Gauss braids and study some of their properties, in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-03-04 Valeriy Bardakov , Paolo Bellingeri , Celeste Damiani

Virtual knot theory has experienced a lot of nice features that did not appear in classical knot theory, e.g., parity and picture-valued invariants. In the present paper we use virtual knot theory effects to construct new representations of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-03-03 V. O. Manturov , I. M. Nikonov

We show that the virtual singular braid monoid on $n$ strands embeds in a group $VSG_n$, which we call the virtual singular braid group on $n$ strands. The group $VSG_n$ contains a normal subgroup $VSPG_n$ of virtual singular pure braids.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Carmen Caprau , Antonia Yeung

We give presentations, in terms of generators and relations, for the monoids of singular braids on closed surfaces. The proof of the validity of these presentations can also be applied to verify, in a new way, the presentations given by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Juan Gonzalez-Meneses

We extend the notion of congruence subgroups of the braid group to the virtual braid group using an extension of the integral Burau representation. We prove that the level 2 congruence subgroup of the virtual braid group is the pure virtual…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-27 Wade Bloomquist , Alexa Goldberg , Nancy Scherich

Virtual knots arise in the study of Gauss diagrams and Vassiliev invariants of usual knots. Virtual braids correspond naturally to virtual knots. We consider the group of virtual braids on n strings VB_n and its Burau representation, in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-02-22 V. V. Vershinin

The concepts of twisted knot theory and singular knot theory inspire the introduction of singular twisted knot theory. This study showcases similar findings for singular twisted links, including the Alexander theorem and the Markov theorem…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Komal Negi , Madeti Prabhakar

We study the structure of the virtual braid group. It is shown that the virtual braid group is a semi--direct product of the virtual pure braid group and the symmetric group. Also, it is shown that the virtual pure braid group is a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Valerij G. Bardakov

The interaction between combinatorics and algebraic and differential geometry is very strong. While researching a problem of Hessian topology, we came across a series of identities of binomial coefficients, which are useful for proving a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-28 Adriana Ortiz-Rodríguez , Federico Sánchez-Bringas

We investigate braid group representations associated with unitary braided vector spaces, focusing on a conjecture that such representations should have virtually abelian images in general and finite image provided the braiding has finite…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-06-18 César Galindo , Eric C. Rowell

Algebraic and combinatorial properties of a monomial ideal and its radical are compared.

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Juergen Herzog , Yukihide Takayama , Naoki Terai

We apply some basic notions from combinatorial topology to establish various algebraic properties of edge ideals of graphs and more general Stanley-Reisner rings. In this way we provide new short proofs of some theorems from the literature…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-23 Anton Dochtermann , Alexander Engstrom

We combine the newly discovered technique, which computes explicit formulas for the image of an algebraic curve under rational transformation, with techniques that enable to compute braid monodromies of such curves. We use this combination…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 S. Kaplan , A. Shapiro , M. Teicher
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