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Agentic theorem provers often introduce intermediate lemmas, proof sketches, or subgoal decompositions before returning to tactic-level search. This can look like an expensive detour: if proving lemmas is itself hard, why should a learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sho Sonoda , Shunta Akiyama , Yuya Uezato

The usability of Reinforcement Learning is restricted by the large computation times it requires. Curriculum Reinforcement Learning speeds up learning by defining a helpful order in which an agent encounters tasks, i.e. from simple to hard.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Tobias Niehues , Ulla Scheler , Pascal Klink

Interactive Theorem Provers (ITPs) are an indispensable tool in the arsenal of formal method experts as a platform for construction and (formal) verification of proofs. The complexity of the proofs in conjunction with the level of expertise…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Eric Yeh , Briland Hitaj , Sam Owre , Maena Quemener , Natarajan Shankar

Representation determines how we can reason about a specific problem. Sometimes one representation helps us find a proof more easily than others. Most current automated reasoning tools focus on reasoning within one representation. There is,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Daniel Raggi , Alan Bundy , Gudmund Grov , Alison Pease

"Systems that Explain Themselves" appears a provocative wording, in particular in the context of mathematics education -- it is as provocative as the idea of building educational software upon technology from computer theorem proving. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Alan Krempler , Walther Neuper

Interactive proof assistants are computer programs carefully constructed to check a human-designed proof of a mathematical claim with high confidence in the implementation. However, this only validates truth of a formal claim, which may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Colin S. Gordon , Sergey Matskevich

Motivated by the transfer of proofs between proof systems, and in particular from first order automated theorem provers (ATPs) to interactive theorem provers (ITPs), we specify an extension of the TPTP derivation text format to describe…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Julie Cailler , Simon Guilloud

Automated theorem provers are now commonly used within interactive theorem provers to discharge an increasingly large number of proof obligations. To maintain the trustworthiness of a proof, the automatically found proof must be verified…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Mathias Fleury , Hans-Jörg Schurr

Proof Designer is a computer software program designed to help Mathematics students learn to write mathematical proofs. Under the guidance of the user, Proof Designer assists in writing outlines of proofs in elementary set theory. Proof…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-07-20 Moez A. AbdelGawad

We analyse how the standard reductions between constraint satisfaction problems affect their proof complexity. We show that, for the most studied propositional, algebraic, and semi-algebraic proof systems, the classical constructions of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Albert Atserias , Joanna Ochremiak

Geometry theorem proving forms a major and challenging component in the K-12 mathematics curriculum. A particular difficult task is to add auxiliary constructions (i.e, additional lines or points) to aid proof discovery. Although there…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Ke Wang , Zhendong Su

This report describes three particular technological advances in formal proofs. The HOL Light proof assistant will be used to illustrate the design of a highly reliable system. Today, proof assistants can verify large bodies of advanced…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-08-28 Thomas C. Hales

The electrostatic potential in certain types of boundary value problems can be found by solving Laplace's Equation (LE). To develop students' ability for solving problems that can be solved effectively using Laplace's equation in an…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-10-15 Jaya Shivangani Kashyap , Robert Devaty , Chandralekha Singh

This work presents the system ANITA (Analytic Tableau Proof Assistant) developed for teaching analytic tableaux to computer science students. The tool is written in Python and can be used as a desktop application, or in a web platform. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Davi Romero Vasconcelos

The ability to categorize problems is a measure of expertise in a domain. In order to help students learn effectively, instructors and teaching assistants (TAs) should have pedagogical content knowledge. They must be aware of the prior…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-03-10 Chandralekha Singh

In this Masters thesis we present an implementation of a fragment of "book HoTT" as an object logic for the interactive proof assistant Isabelle. We also give a mathematical description of the underlying theory of the Isabelle/Pure logical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Joshua Chen

Deep learning models for learning analytics have become increasingly popular over the last few years; however, these approaches are still not widely adopted in real-world settings, likely due to a lack of trust and transparency. In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Vinitra Swamy , Sijia Du , Mirko Marras , Tanja Käser

Immediate feedback has been shown to improve student learning. In programming courses, immediate, automated feedback is typically provided in the form of pre-defined test cases run by a submission platform. While these are excellent for…

Hallucination remains a key obstacle to the reliable deployment of large language models (LLMs) in real-world question answering tasks. A widely adopted strategy to detect hallucination, known as self-assessment, relies on the model's own…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jinyuan Luo , Zhen Fang , Yixuan Li , Seongheon Park , Ling Chen

We propose a synthesis of the two proof styles of interactive theorem proving: the procedural style (where proofs are scripts of commands, like in Coq) and the declarative style (where proofs are texts in a controlled natural language, like…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Freek Wiedijk