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Coronal holes (CH) are regions of open magnetic field lines in the solar corona and the source of fast solar wind. Understanding the evolution of coronal holes is critical for solar magnetism as well as for accurate space weather forecasts.…

Space Physics · Physics 2018-05-02 Amr Hamada , Timo Asikainen , Ilpo Virtanen , Kalevi Mursula

A major challenge in solar physics is to obtain empirical information on the magnetic field of the million-degree plasma of the solar corona. To this end, we need observables of the solar radiation sensitive to the coronal magnetic field.…

The present solar cycle is particular in many aspects: it had a delayed rising phase, it is the weakest of the last 100 years, and it presents two peaks separated by more than one year. To understand the impact of these characteristics on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-08 A. J. Oliveira e Silva , C. L. Selhorst , P. J. A. Simões , C. G. Giménes de Castro

Context: The current distribution of planet mass vs. incident stellar X-ray flux supports the idea that photoevaporation of the atmosphere may take place in close-in planets. Integrated effects have to be accounted for. A proper calculation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 J. Sanz-Forcada , G. Micela , I. Ribas , A. M. T. Pollock , C. Eiroa , A. Velasco , E. Solano , D. Garcia-Alvarez

The magnetic field in the Sun's corona stores energy that can be released to heat the coronal plasma and drive solar eruptions. Measurements of the global coronal magnetic field have been limited to a few snapshots. We present observations…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-23 Zihao Yang , Hui Tian , Steven Tomczyk , Xianyu Liu , Sarah Gibson , Richard J. Morton , Cooper Downs

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waves are large-scale propagating disturbances observed in the solar corona, frequently associated with coronal mass ejections and flares. They appear as faint, extended structures propagating from a source region…

There has been an unfortunate gap in coronal emission line observations from space in the visible and near IR (V+NIR). Their distinct scientific advantage stems from the dominance of radiative excitation in their formation, whereby their…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-24 Shadia R Habbal , Benjamin Boe , Colby Haggerty , Adalbert Ding

One of the many outcomes of the Solar Orbiter mission is the evidence for the solar atmosphere being filled by highly impulsive bursts, down to about 200 km scale: the limit of the EUV instruments' spatial resolution. Small-scale events of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Susanna Parenti

So far most studies on the structure of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are conducted through white-light coronagraphs, which demonstrate about one third of CMEs exhibit the typical three-part structure in the high corona (e.g., beyond 2 Rs),…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 H. Q. Song , J. Zhang , L. P. Li , Y. D. Liu , B. Zhu , B. Wang , R. S. Zheng , Y. Chen

The extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings identified by Solar Orbiter, commonly known as campfires, are the smallest transient brightenings detected to date outside active regions in the solar corona. We investigate the spatio-temporal…

It is generally accepted that densities of quiet sun and active region plasma are sufficiently low to justify the optically thin approximation, and it is commonly used in the analysis of line emissions from plasma in the solar corona.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 Edward Thiemann , Phillip Chamberlin , Francis Eparvier , Luke Epp

Condensations in the more than 10^6 K hot corona of the Sun are commonly observed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). While their contribution to the total solar EUV radiation is still a matter of debate, these condensations certainly provide…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-09-06 H. Peter , S. Bingert , S. Kamio

The corona is a layer of hot plasma that surrounds the Sun, traces out its complex magnetic field, and ultimately expands into interplanetary space as the supersonic solar wind. Although much has been learned in recent decades from advances…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-11 Steven R. Cranmer , Amy R. Winebarger

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are huge expulsions of magnetized matter from the Sun and stars, traversing space with speeds of millions of kilometers per hour. Solar CMEs can cause severe space weather disturbances and consumer power…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-26 Astrid M. Veronig , Petra Odert , Martin Leitzinger , Karin Dissauer , Nikolaus C. Fleck , Hugh S. Hudson

Ultraviolet spectra of the extended solar corona have been routinely obtained by SoHO/UVCS since 1996. Sudden variations of spectral parameters are mainly due to the detection of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) crossing the instrumental slit.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Silvio Giordano , Angela Ciaravella , John Raymond , Yuan-Kuen Ko , Raid Suleiman

The Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) is a proposed mission aimed at understanding the physical mechanisms driving the heating of the solar corona and the eruptions that are at the foundation of space weather. MUSE contains two instruments,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Bart De Pontieu , Juan Martinez-Sykora , Paola Testa , Amy Winebarger , Adrian Daw , Viggo Hansteen , Mark C. M. Cheung , Patrick Antolin , the MUSE team

Understanding the physical processes responsible for accelerating the solar wind requires detailed measurements of the collisionless plasma in the extended solar corona. Some key clues about these processes have come from instruments that…

In this paper, with a set of high-resolution He I 10830 \AA\ filtergrams, we select an area in a plage, very likely an EUV moss area, as an interface layer to follow the clues of coronal heating channels down to the photosphere. The…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-29 Parida Hashim , Fangyu Xu , Ya Wang , Weijie Men , Jinhua Shen , Yingna Su , Jianping Li , Zhenyu Jin , Haisheng Ji

We report SDO/AIA observations of an extraordinary global extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave triggered by the X8.2+ flare-CME eruption on 2017 September 10. This was one of the best EUV waves ever observed with modern instruments, yet it was…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-19 Wei Liu , Meng Jin , Cooper Downs , Leon Ofman , Mark C. M. Cheung , Nariaki V. Nitta

Solar eruptions such as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed in the inner solar corona (up to 4 R$_{\odot}$) show acceleration profiles which appear as parabolic ridges in height-time plots. Inspired by the white-light automated detection…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-10 Ritesh Patel , Vaibhav Pant , Priyanka Iyer , Dipankar Banerjee , Marilena Mierla , Matthew J. West