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Quantum computer simulators are an indispensable tool for prototyping quantum algorithms and verifying the functioning of existing quantum computer hardware. The current largest quantum computers feature more than one thousand qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Gabin Schieffer , Stefano Markidis , Ivy Peng

Existing quantum systems provide very limited physical qubit counts, trying to execute a quantum algorithm/circuit on them that have a higher number of logical qubits than physically available lead to a compile-time error. Given that it is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Movahhed Sadeghi , Soheil Khadirsharbiyani , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

The concept of qudit (a d-level system) cluster state is proposed by generalizing the qubit cluster state (Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{86}, 910 (2001)) according to the finite dimensional representations of quantum plane algebra. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 D. L. Zhou , B. Zeng , Z. Xu , C. P. Sun

Advances in quantum simulator technology is increasingly required because research on quantum algorithms is becoming more sophisticated and complex. State vector simulation utilizes CPU and memory resources in computing nodes exponentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Mikio Morita , Yoshinori Tomita , Junpei Koyama , Koichi Kimura

We derive a rigorous upper bound on the classical computation time of finite-ranged tensor network contractions in $d \geq 2$ dimensions. Consequently, we show that quantum circuits of single-qubit and finite-ranged two-qubit gates can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Thorsten B. Wahl , Sergii Strelchuk

In this extended abstract, we have introduced a highly memory-efficient state vector simulation of quantum circuits premised on data compression, harnessing the capabilities of both CPUs and GPUs. We have elucidated the inherent challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 Boyuan Zhang , Bo Fang , Qiang Guan , Ang Li , Dingwen Tao

We propose a new physical approach for encoding and processing of quantum information in ensembles of multi-level quantum systems, where the different bits are not carried by individual particles but associated with the collective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. Brion , K. Moelmer , M. Saffman

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are vital for assessing potential quantum advantage and benchmarking devices, yet they require sophisticated methods to avoid the exponential growth of resources. Tensor network approaches, in…

In the Bloch sphere picture, one finds the coefficients for expanding a single-qubit density operator in terms of the identity and Pauli matrices. A generalization to $n$ qubits via tensor products represents a density operator by a real…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Qunsheng Huang , Christian B. Mendl

Here we present a quantum algorithm for clustering data based on a variational quantum circuit. The algorithm allows to classify data into many clusters, and can easily be implemented in few-qubit Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-08 Pablo Bermejo , Roman Orus

Quantum computers hold promise to improve the efficiency of quantum simulations of materials and to enable the investigation of systems and properties more complex than tractable at present on classical architectures. Here, we discuss…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Christian Vorwerk , Nan Sheng , Marco Govoni , Benchen Huang , Giulia Galli

Although near-term quantum computing devices are still limited by the quantity and quality of qubits in the so-called NISQ era, quantum computational advantage has been experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, hybrid architectures of quantum…

Quantum computing not only holds the potential to solve long-standing problems in quantum physics, but also to offer speed-ups across a broad spectrum of other fields. However, due to the noise and the limited scale of current quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Julien Gacon

Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impacts quantum algorithms, and optimized implementations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Ashe Miller , Corey Ostrove , Jordan Hines , Robin Blume-Kohout , Kevin Young , Timothy Proctor

Recent years have seen unprecedented advance in the design and control of quantum computers. Nonetheless, their applicability is still restricted and access remains expensive. Therefore, a substantial amount of quantum algorithms research…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-11 Thomas Grurl , Richard Kueng , Jürgen Fuß , Robert Wille

If a large Quantum Computer (QC) existed today, what type of physical problems could we efficiently simulate on it that we could not simulate on a classical Turing machine? In this paper we argue that a QC could solve some relevant physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Rolando Somma , Gerardo Ortiz , Emanuel Knill , James Gubernatis

Near-term quantum computers will soon reach sizes that are challenging to directly simulate, even when employing the most powerful supercomputers. Yet, the ability to simulate these early devices using classical computers is crucial for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-21 Thomas Häner , Damian S. Steiger

Quantum simulation algorithms often require numerous ancilla qubits and deep circuits, prohibitive for near-term hardware. We introduce a framework for simulating quantum channels using ensembles of low-depth circuits in place of many-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-01 Joseph Peetz , Scott E. Smart , Prineha Narang

In this paper, we firstly briefly review the duality quantum computer. Distinctly, the generalized quantum gates, the basic evolution operators in a duality quantum computer are no longer unitary, and they can be expressed in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-14 Shi-Jie Wei , Gui-Lu Long

A quantum processing unit (QPU) must contain a large number of high quality qubits to produce accurate results for problems at useful scales. In contrast, most scientific and industry classical computation workloads happen in parallel on…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Wei Tang , Margaret Martonosi