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Bosonic codes offer noise resilience for quantum information processing. Good performance often comes at a price of complex decoding schemes, limiting their practicality. Here, we propose using a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Kosuke Fukui , Takaya Matsuura , Nicolas C. Menicucci

To be useful, quantum computers will be required to successfully correct errors occurring at the hardware level. Bosonic codes provide a hardware-efficient option for error correction, but fault-tolerance further requires that the available…

Bosonic codes provide an alternative option for quantum error correction. An important category of bosonic codes called the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code has aroused much interest recently. Theoretically, the error correction ability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Jiaxuan Zhang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Bosonic quantum error-correcting codes encode logical information in a harmonic oscillator, with the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) and number-phase (NP) codes representing two fundamentally different encoding paradigms. Although both have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Kai-Xuan Wen , Dong-Long Hu , Shengyong Li , Ze-Liang Xiang

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding of a qubit into a bosonic mode is a promising bosonic code for quantum computation due to its tolerance for noise and all-Gaussian gate set. We present a toolkit for phase-space description and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-26 Lucas J. Mensen , Ben Q. Baragiola , Nicolas C. Menicucci

In the field of fault-tolerant quantum computing, continuous-variable systems can be utilized to protect quantum information from noise through the use of bosonic codes. These codes map qubit-type quantum information onto the larger bosonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-13 Yu Zheng , Alessandro Ferraro , Anton Frisk Kockum , Giulia Ferrini

Stabilization of encoded logical qubits using quantum error correction is key to the realization of reliable quantum computers. While qubit codes require many physical systems to be controlled, oscillator codes offer the possibility to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-20 Brennan de Neeve , Thanh Long Nguyen , Tanja Behrle , Jonathan Home

Decoherence errors arising from noisy environments remain a central obstacle to progress in quantum computation and information processing. Quantum error correction (QEC) based on the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) protocol offers a…

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code encodes a logical qubit into a bosonic system with resilience against single-photon loss, the predominant error in most bosonic systems. Here we present experimental results demonstrating quantum…

The early Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill (GKP) proposal for encoding a qubit in an oscillator has recently been followed by cat- and binomial-code proposals. Numerically optimized codes have also been proposed, and we introduce new codes…

Quantum information is vulnerable to environmental noise and experimental imperfections, hindering the reliability of practical quantum information processors. Therefore, quantum error correction (QEC) that can protect quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-26 W. Cai , Y. Ma , W. Wang , C. -L. Zou , L. Sun

Bosonic codes allow the encoding of a logical qubit in a single component device, utilizing the infinitely large Hilbert space of a harmonic oscillator. In particular, the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code has recently been demonstrated to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Matteo Puviani , Sangkha Borah , Remmy Zen , Jan Olle , Florian Marquardt

Bosonic quantum error correction encodes a logical qubit in an oscillator, avoiding the hardware overhead of large qubit arrays. Among such encodings, Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are paticularly powerful because their phase-space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Zi-Xu Lu , Gang Liu , Matteo Fadel , Jie Li

Recent advancements in multi-mode Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes have shown great promise in enhancing the protection of both discrete and analog quantum information. This broadened range of protection brings opportunities beyond…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Anthony J. Brady , Jing Wu , Quntao Zhuang

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding of a qubit within an oscillator provides a number of advantages when used in a fault-tolerant architecture for quantum computing, most notably that Gaussian operations suffice to implement all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-09 Keith R. Motes , Ben Q. Baragiola , Alexei Gilchrist , Nicolas C. Menicucci

The GKP encoding is a top contender among bosonic codes for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Analysis of the GKP code is complicated by the fact that finite-energy code states leak out of the ideal GKP code space and are not orthogonal.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Mahnaz Jafarzadeh , Jonathan Conrad , Rafael N. Alexander , Ben Q. Baragiola

Classically simulating circuits with bosonic codes is challenging due to the prohibitive cost of simulating quantum systems with many, possibly infinite, energy levels. We propose an algorithm to simulate circuits with encoded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Cameron Calcluth , Oliver Hahn , Juani Bermejo-Vega , Alessandro Ferraro , Giulia Ferrini

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) error correcting code encodes a finite dimensional logical space in one or more bosonic modes, and has recently been demonstrated in trapped ions and superconducting microwave cavities. In this work we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Mackenzie H. Shaw , Andrew C. Doherty , Arne L. Grimsmo

A promising route towards fault-tolerant quantum error correction is the concatenation of a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code with a qubit code. Development of such concatenated codes requires simulation tools which realistically model…

We present a general approach to error detection of bosonic quantum error-correction codes via an adaptive quantum phase estimation algorithm assisted by a single ancilla qubit. The approach is applicable to a broad class of bosonic codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Yuan-De Jin , Shi-Yu Zhang , Ulrik L. Andersen , Wen-Long Ma