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Recent papers on the theory of representation learning has shown the importance of a quantity called diversity when generalizing from a set of source tasks to a target task. Most of these papers assume that the function mapping shared…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-01 Ziping Xu , Ambuj Tewari

Recently, deep learning approaches with various network architectures have achieved significant performance improvement over existing iterative reconstruction methods in various imaging problems. However, it is still unclear why these deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-26 Jong Chul Ye , Yoseob Han , Eunju Cha

It is well-known that the expressivity of a neural network depends on its architecture, with deeper networks expressing more complex functions. In the case of networks that compute piecewise linear functions, such as those with ReLU…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-12 Boris Hanin , David Rolnick

Despite their widespread success, the application of deep neural networks to functional data remains scarce today. The infinite dimensionality of functional data means standard learning algorithms can be applied only after appropriate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-22 Junwen Yao , Jonas Mueller , Jane-Ling Wang

Neural networks trained on standard image classification data sets are shown to be less resistant to data set bias. It is necessary to comprehend the behavior objective function that might correspond to superior performance for data with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Gnyanesh Bangaru , Lalith Bharadwaj Baru , Kiran Chakravarthula

We present a complete theoretical and empirical framework establishing feedforward neural networks as universal finite-state machines (N-FSMs). Our results prove that finite-depth ReLU and threshold networks can exactly simulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sahil Rajesh Dhayalkar

This work proposes an algorithm for explicitly constructing a pair of neural networks that linearize and reconstruct an embedded submanifold, from finite samples of this manifold. Our such-generated neural networks, called Flattening…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Michael Psenka , Druv Pai , Vishal Raman , Shankar Sastry , Yi Ma

One recent research demonstrated successful application of the label alignment property for unsupervised domain adaptation in a linear regression settings. Instead of regularizing representation learning to be domain invariant, the research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Xuanrui Zeng

In linear models, visualizing a weight vector naturally reveals the model's preferred input direction, but extending this intuition to deep networks via gradients or gradient ascent often yields brittle or adversarial-looking features. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Maciej Satkiewicz , Roberto Corizzo , Marcin Pietroń

Machine Learning algorithms have had a profound impact on the field of computer science over the past few decades. These algorithms performance is greatly influenced by the representations that are derived from the data in the learning…

We study the learning dynamics and the representations emerging in Recurrent Neural Networks trained to integrate one or multiple temporal signals. Combining analytical and numerical investigations, we characterize the conditions under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Arnaud Fanthomme , Rémi Monasson

The choice of activation function can have a large effect on the performance of a neural network. While there have been some attempts to hand-engineer novel activation functions, the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) remains the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Garrett Bingham , William Macke , Risto Miikkulainen

With the advancement of deep learning, reducing computational complexity and memory consumption has become a critical challenge, and ternary neural networks (NNs) that restrict parameters to $\{-1, 0, +1\}$ have attracted attention as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuta Nakahara , Manabu Kobayashi , Toshiyasu Matsushima

Decomposing a deep neural network's learned representations into interpretable features could greatly enhance its safety and reliability. To better understand features, we adopt a geometric perspective, viewing them as a learned coordinate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Aryeh Brill

A deep neural network is a parametrization of a multilayer mapping of signals in terms of many alternatively arranged linear and nonlinear transformations. The linear transformations, which are generally used in the fully connected as well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Ze-Feng Gao , Song Cheng , Rong-Qiang He , Z. Y. Xie , Hui-Hai Zhao , Zhong-Yi Lu , Tao Xiang

Deep neural networks implement a sequence of layer-by-layer operations that are each relatively easy to understand, but the resulting overall computation is generally difficult to understand. We consider a simple hypothesis for interpreting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Richard D. Lange , Devin Kwok , Jordan Matelsky , Xinyue Wang , David S. Rolnick , Konrad P. Kording

Policies produced by deep reinforcement learning are typically characterised by their learning curves, but they remain poorly understood in many other respects. ReLU-based policies result in a partitioning of the input space into piecewise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Setareh Cohan , Nam Hee Kim , David Rolnick , Michiel van de Panne

Embedding of large but redundant data, such as images or text, in a hierarchy of lower-dimensional spaces is one of the key features of representation learning approaches, which nowadays provide state-of-the-art solutions to problems once…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Gianluca Berardi , Luca De Luigi , Samuele Salti , Luigi Di Stefano

Converging evidence suggests that the mammalian ventral visual pathway encodes increasingly complex stimulus features in downstream areas. Using deep convolutional neural networks, we can now quantitatively demonstrate that there is indeed…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-03-13 Umut Güçlü , Marcel A. J. van Gerven

The linear layer is one of the most pervasive modules in deep learning representations. However, it requires $O(N^2)$ parameters and $O(N^2)$ operations. These costs can be prohibitive in mobile applications or prevent scaling in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Marcin Moczulski , Misha Denil , Jeremy Appleyard , Nando de Freitas