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The concept of differential privacy (DP) can quantitatively measure privacy loss by observing the changes in the distribution caused by the inclusion of individuals in the target dataset. The DP, which is generally used as a constraint, has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Sehyun Ryu , Jonggyu Jang , Hyun Jong Yang

Fine-tuning large language models on downstream tasks is crucial for realizing their cross-domain potential but often relies on sensitive data, raising privacy concerns. Differential privacy (DP) offers rigorous privacy guarantees and has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Lele Zheng , Xiang Wang , Tao Zhang , Yang Cao , Ke Cheng , Yulong Shen

Many high-stakes applications require machine learning models that protect user privacy and provide well-calibrated, accurate predictions. While Differential Privacy (DP) is the gold standard for protecting user privacy, standard DP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ossi Räisä , Stratis Markou , Matthew Ashman , Wessel P. Bruinsma , Marlon Tobaben , Antti Honkela , Richard E. Turner

Empirical auditing has emerged as a means of catching some of the flaws in the implementation of privacy-preserving algorithms. Existing auditing mechanisms, however, are either computationally inefficient requiring multiple runs of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Saeed Mahloujifar , Luca Melis , Kamalika Chaudhuri

$\epsilon$-Differential privacy (DP) is a well-known privacy model that offers strong privacy guarantees. However, when applied to data releases, DP significantly deteriorates the analytical utility of the protected outcomes. To keep data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Jordi Soria-Comas , David Sánchez , Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Sergio Martínez , Luis Del Vasto-Terrientes

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) is the workhorse algorithm for recent advances in private deep learning. It provides a single privacy guarantee to all datapoints in the dataset. We propose output-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Da Yu , Gautam Kamath , Janardhan Kulkarni , Tie-Yan Liu , Jian Yin , Huishuai Zhang

Differential Privacy can provide provable privacy guarantees for training data in machine learning. However, the presence of proofs does not preclude the presence of errors. Inspired by recent advances in auditing which have been used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Florian Tramer , Andreas Terzis , Thomas Steinke , Shuang Song , Matthew Jagielski , Nicholas Carlini

This paper introduces a novel theoretical framework for auditing differential privacy (DP) in a black-box setting. Leveraging the concept of $f$-differential privacy, we explicitly define type I and type II errors and propose an auditing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-14 Kaining Shi , Cong Ma

Differential privacy (DP) has steadily become the de-facto standard for achieving privacy in data analysis, which is typically implemented either in the "central" or "local" model. The local model has been more popular for commercial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Amrita Roy Chowdhury , Chenghong Wang , Xi He , Ashwin Machanavajjhala , Somesh Jha

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly underpin technological advancements, the privacy of their training data emerges as a critical concern. Differential Privacy (DP) serves as a rigorous mechanism to protect this data, yet its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Liangyu Wang , Junxiao Wang , Jie Ren , Zihang Xiang , David E. Keyes , Di Wang

We show how to achieve differential privacy with no or reduced added noise, based on the empirical noise in the data itself. Unlike previous works on noiseless privacy, the empirical viewpoint avoids making any explicit assumptions about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Paul Burchard , Anthony Daoud , Dominic Dotterrer

In this paper we train a transformer using differential privacy (DP) for language modeling in SwiftKey. We run multiple experiments to balance the trade-off between the model size, run-time speed and accuracy. We show that we get small and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Abdelrahman Abouelenin , Mohamed Abdelrehim , Raffy Fahim , Amr Hendy , Mohamed Afify

The study of privacy-preserving Natural Language Processing (NLP) has gained rising attention in recent years. One promising avenue studies the integration of Differential Privacy in NLP, which has brought about innovative methods in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Stephen Meisenbacher , Maulik Chevli , Florian Matthes

Bounding privacy leakage over compositions, i.e., privacy accounting, is a key challenge in differential privacy (DP). The privacy parameter ($\eps$ or $\delta$) is often easy to estimate but hard to bound. In this paper, we propose a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Jiachen T. Wang , Saeed Mahloujifar , Tong Wu , Ruoxi Jia , Prateek Mittal

The field of privacy-preserving Natural Language Processing has risen in popularity, particularly at a time when concerns about privacy grow with the proliferation of Large Language Models. One solution consistently appearing in recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Stephen Meisenbacher , Florian Matthes

Differential privacy (DP) is the state-of-the-art and rigorous notion of privacy for answering aggregate database queries while preserving the privacy of sensitive information in the data. In today's era of data analysis, however, it poses…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Yuchao Tao , Amir Gilad , Ashwin Machanavajjhala , Sudeepa Roy

Differential privacy provides the first theoretical foundation with provable privacy guarantee against adversaries with arbitrary prior knowledge. The main idea to achieve differential privacy is to inject random noise into statistical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-01 Yang D. Li , Zhenjie Zhang , Marianne Winslett , Yin Yang

We give a fast algorithm to optimally compose privacy guarantees of differentially private (DP) algorithms to arbitrary accuracy. Our method is based on the notion of privacy loss random variables to quantify the privacy loss of DP…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Sivakanth Gopi , Yin Tat Lee , Lukas Wutschitz

Local differential privacy (LDP) enables the efficient release of aggregate statistics without having to trust the central server (aggregator), as in the central model of differential privacy, and simultaneously protects a client's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Tariq Bontekoe , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Fatih Turkmen

It has been demonstrated that hidden representation learned by a deep model can encode private information of the input, hence can be exploited to recover such information with reasonable accuracy. To address this issue, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Lingjuan Lyu , Xuanli He , Yitong Li