Related papers: Fracton fusion and statistics
We study novel three-dimensional gapped quantum phases of matter which support quasiparticles with restricted mobility, including immobile "fracton" excitations. So far, most existing fracton models may be instructively viewed as…
We discuss the procedure for gauging on-site $\mathbb{Z}_2$ global symmetries of three-dimensional lattice Hamiltonians that permute quasi-particles and provide general arguments demonstrating the non-Abelian character of the resultant…
We study p-string condensation mechanisms for fracton phases from the viewpoint of higher-form symmetry, focusing on the examples of the X-cube model and the rank-two symmetric-tensor U(1) scalar charge theory. This work is motivated by…
Fractional excitations in fracton models exhibit novel features not present in conventional topological phases: their mobility is constrained, there are an infinitude of types, and they bear an exotic sense of 'braiding'. Hence, they…
We study gapped boundaries of Abelian type-I fracton systems in three spatial dimensions. Using the X-cube model as our motivating example, we give a conjecture, with partial proof, of the conditions for a boundary to be gapped. In order to…
Fracton order describes novel quantum phases of matter that host quasiparticles with restricted mobility, and thus lies beyond the existing paradigm of topological order. In particular, excitations that cannot move without creating multiple…
Motivated by the prediction of fractonic topological defects in a quantum crystal, we utilize a reformulated elasticity duality to derive a description of a fracton phase in terms of coupled vector U(1) gauge theories. The fracton order and…
We introduce lattice gauge theories which describe three-dimensional, gapped quantum phases exhibiting the phenomenology of both conventional three-dimensional topological orders and fracton orders, starting from a finite group $G$, a…
Fractonic phases are new phases of matter that host excitations with restricted mobility. We show that a certain class of gapless fractonic phases are realized as a result of spontaneous breaking of continuous higher-form symmetries whose…
The study of gapped quantum many-body systems in three spatial dimensions has uncovered the existence of quantum states hosting quasiparticles that are confined, not by energetics but by the structure of local operators, to move along lower…
We introduce a class of gapped three-dimensional models, dubbed "cage-net fracton models," which host immobile fracton excitations in addition to non-Abelian particles with restricted mobility. Starting from layers of two-dimensional…
Fracton theories possess exponentially degenerate ground states, excitations with restricted mobility, and nontopological higher-form symmetries. This paper shows that such theories can be defined on arbitrary spatial lattices in three…
Fractons are gapped point-like excitations in $d=3$ topological ordered phases whose motion is constrained. They have been discovered in several gapped models but a unifying physical mechanism for generating them is still missing. It has…
We introduce hybrid fracton orders: three-dimensional gapped quantum phases that exhibit the phenomenology of both conventional three-dimensional topological orders and fracton orders. Hybrid fracton orders host both (i) mobile topological…
Topologically ordered phases exhibit further complexity in the presence of global symmetries: Their anyonic excitations may exhibit different transformation patterns under these symmetries, leading to a classification in terms of…
Fracton topological phases host fractionalized excitations that are either completely immobile or only mobile along certain lines or planes. We demonstrate how such phases can be understood in terms of two fundamentally different types of…
We demonstrate the existence of a fundamentally new type of excitation, fractonic lines, which are line-like excitations with the restricted mobility properties of fractons. These excitations, described using an amalgamation of higher-form…
By gauging a higher-moment polynomial degree global symmetry and a discrete charge conjugation (i.e., particle-hole) symmetry coupled to matter fields (two symmetries mutually non-commutative), we derive a new class of higher-rank tensor…
Fracton models, a collection of exotic gapped lattice Hamiltonians recently discovered in three spatial dimensions, contain some 'topological' features: they support fractional bulk excitations (dubbed fractons), and a ground state…
Gapped fracton phases of matter generalize the concept of topological order and broaden our fundamental understanding of entanglement in quantum many-body systems. However, their analytical or numerical description beyond exactly solvable…