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Exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval refers to the inference of atmospheric properties of an exoplanet given an observed spectrum. The atmospheric properties include the chemical compositions, temperature profiles, clouds/hazes, and energy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Nikku Madhusudhan

Characterizing exoplanetary atmospheres via Bayesian retrievals requires assuming some chemistry model, such as thermochemical equilibrium or parameterized abundances. The higher-resolution data offered by upcoming telescopes enables more…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-11 Michael D. Himes , Joseph Harrington , Atilim Gunes Baydin

Atmospheric retrievals are widely used to constrain exoplanet properties from observed spectra. We investigate how the common nonphysical retrieval assumptions of vertically constant molecule abundances and cloud-free atmospheres affect our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-24 Björn S. Konrad , Sascha P. Quanz , Eleonora Alei , Robin Wordsworth

Spectral retrieval has long been a powerful tool for interpreting planetary remote sensing observations. Flexible, parameterised, agnostic models are coupled with inversion algorithms in order to infer atmospheric properties directly from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Joanna K. Barstow , Kevin Heng

Future space-based direct imaging missions will perform low-resolution (R$<$100) optical (0.3-1~$\mu$m) spectroscopy of planets, thus enabling reflected spectroscopy of cool giants. Reflected light spectroscopy is encoded with rich…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-14 Sagnick Mukherjee , Natasha E. Batalha , Mark S. Marley

We present a retrieval method based on Bayesian analysis to infer the atmospheric compositions and surface or cloud-top pressures from transmission spectra of exoplanets with general compositions. In this study, we identify what can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-28 Bjoern Benneke , Sara Seager

In recent years, it has become clear that a substantial fraction of transiting exoplanets have some form of aerosol present in their atmospheres. Transit spectroscopy - mostly of hot Jupiters, but also of some smaller planets - has provided…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-19 Joanna K. Barstow

Atmospheric retrievals (AR) of exoplanets typically rely on a combination of a Bayesian inference technique and a forward simulator to estimate atmospheric properties from an observed spectrum. A key component in simulating spectra is the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-20 Timothy D. Gebhard , Daniel Angerhausen , Björn S. Konrad , Eleonora Alei , Sascha P. Quanz , Bernhard Schölkopf

In current models used to interpret exoplanet atmospheric observations, the planet mass is treated as a prior and is estimated independently with external methods, such as RV or TTV techniques. This approach is necessary as available…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-12 Quentin Changeat , Luke Keyte , Ingo P Waldmann , Giovanna Tinetti

We present a new method to retrieve molecular abundances and temperature profiles from exoplanet atmosphere photometry and spectroscopy. We run millions of 1D atmosphere models in order to cover the large range of allowed parameter space,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 N. Madhusudhan , S. Seager

Exoplanet atmospheric retrieval is a computational technique widely used to infer properties of planetary atmospheres from remote spectroscopic observations. Retrieval codes typically employ Bayesian sampling algorithms or machine learning…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-24 Ryan J. MacDonald , Natasha E. Batalha

Aims: ARCiS, a novel code for the analysis of exoplanet transmission and emission spectra is presented. The aim of the modelling framework is to provide a tool able to link observations to physical models of exoplanet atmospheres. Methods:…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-07 Michiel Min , Chris W. Ormel , Katy Chubb , Christiane Helling , Yui Kawashima

New-generation spectrographs dedicated to the study of exoplanetary atmospheres require a high accuracy in the atmospheric models to better interpret the input spectra. Thanks to space missions, the observed spectra will cover a large…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-02 Tiziano Zingales , Aurélien Falco , William Pluriel , Jérémy Leconte

Observed exoplanet transit spectra are usually retrieved using 1D models to determine atmospheric composition while planetary atmospheres are 3D. With the JWST and future space telescopes such as Ariel, we will be able to obtain…

Cassini's observations of Titan's atmosphere are exemplary benchmarks for exoplanet atmospheric studies owing to (1) their precision and (2) our independent knowledge of Titan. Leveraging these observations, we perform retrievals (i.e.,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-18 Prajwal Niraula , Julien de Wit , Robert Hargreaves , Iouli E. Gordon , Clara Sousa-Silva

Constraining the chemical structure of exoplanetary atmospheres is pivotal for interpreting spectroscopic data and understanding planetary evolution. Traditional retrieval methods often assume thermochemical equilibrium or free profiles,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-17 Deborah Bardet , Quentin Changeat , Olivia Venot , Emilie Panek

Atmospheric refraction affects to various degrees exoplanet transit, lunar eclipse, as well as stellar occultation observations. Exoplanet retrieval algorithms often use analytical expressions for the column abundance along a ray traversing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-23 Yan Betremieux , Lisa Kaltenegger

Spectroscopic phase curves provide unique access to the three-dimensional properties of transiting exoplanet atmospheres. However, a modeling framework must be developed to deliver accurate inferences of atmospheric properties for these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Y. Katherina Feng , Michael R. Line , Jonathan J. Fortney

The theory of remote sensing shows that observing a planet at multiple phase angles ($\alpha$) is a powerful strategy to characterize its atmosphere. Here, we analyse how the information contained in reflected-starlight spectra of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-24 Óscar Carrión-González , Antonio García Muñoz , Nuno C. Santos , Juan Cabrera , Szilárd Csizmadia , Heike Rauer

Characterising the properties of exoplanet atmospheres relies on several interconnected parameters, which makes it difficult to determine them independently. Planetary mass plays a role in determining the scale height of atmospheres,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-01 C. Di Maio , Q. Changeat , S. Benatti , G. Micela
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