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We introduce the concept of Quantum Ping (QPing) as a diagnostic primitive for future quantum networks, designed to assess whether two or more end nodes can establish practical quantum entanglement with efficient resource consumption,…

Intermediate-scale quantum devices are becoming more reliable, and may soon be harnessed to solve useful computational tasks. At the same time, common classical methods used to verify their computational output become intractable due to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Johannes Knörzer , Daniel Malz , J. Ignacio Cirac

Over the past several decades, the proliferation of global classical communication networks has transformed various facets of human society. Concurrently, quantum networking has emerged as a dynamic field of research, driven by its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Joseph M. Lukens , Nicholas A. Peters , Bing Qi

Quantum communication has been leading the way of many remarkable theoretical results and experimental tests in physics. In this context, quantum communication complexity (QCC) has recently drawn earnest research attention as a tool to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Hipólito Gómez-Sousa

Quantum network protocol development is crucial to realizing a production-grade network that can support distributed sensing, secure communication, and utility-scale quantum computation. However, the transition from laboratory demonstration…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Robert J. Hayek , Joaquin Chung , Rajkumar Kettimuthu

The Quantum Internet is envisioned as the final stage of the quantum revolution, opening fundamentally new communications and computing capabilities, including the distributed quantum computing. But the Quantum Internet is governed by the…

We develop a new quantum neural network layer designed to run efficiently on a quantum computer but that can be simulated on a classical computer when restricted in the way it entangles input states. We first ask how a classical neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-26 Roberto Bondesan , Max Welling

We present an event-driven simulation package called QuISP for large-scale quantum networks built on top of the OMNeT++ discrete event simulation framework. Although the behavior of quantum networking devices have been revealed by recent…

Quantum networks enable a number of important applications such as quantum key distribution. The basic function of a quantum network is to enable long-distance quantum entanglement between two remote communication parties. This work focuses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Shouqian Shi , Chen Qian

Quantum Internet signifies a remarkable advancement in communication technology, harnessing the principles of quantum entanglement and superposition to facilitate unparalleled levels of security and efficient computations. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

The practical utility of a quantum network depends on its ability to establish entanglement between arbitrary node pairs with quality sufficient to execute entanglement enabled tasks. This capability can be assessed globally, through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Md Sohel Mondal , Shashank Shekhar , Siddhartha Santra

Quantum information science may lead to technological breakthroughs in computing, cryptography and sensing. For the implementation of these tasks, however, complex devices with many components are needed and the quantum advantage may easily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Lisa T. Weinbrenner , Lina Vandré , Tim Coopmans , Otfried Gühne

Existing protocols for quantum communication networks usually assume an initial allocation of quantum entanglement resources, which are then manipulated through local operations and classical communication (LOCC) to establish high-fidelity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Yanxuan Shao , Jannik L. Wyss , Don Towsley , Adilson E. Motter

The development of large-scale quantum networks requires not only advances in physical-layer technologies but also a comprehensive protocol stack that integrates communication, control, and resource management across all layers. We present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Xiaojie Fan , C. R. Ramakrishnan , Himanshu Gupta

A future quantum network will consist of quantum processors that are connected by quantum channels, just like conventional computers are wired up to form the Internet. In contrast to classical devices, however, the entanglement and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-28 Andreas Reiserer

The inherent noise and complexity of quantum communication networks leads to challenges in designing quantum network protocols using classical methods. To address this issue, we develop a variational quantum optimization framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Brian Doolittle , Tom Bromley , Nathan Killoran , Eric Chitambar

Entanglement, a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, has long been recognized as a valuable resource in enabling secure communications and surpassing classical limits. However, previous research has primarily concentrated on static…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-09 Junjing Xing , Tianfeng Feng , Zhaobing Fan , Haitao Ma , Kishor Bharti , Dax Enshan Koh , Yunlong Xiao

A Quantum Internet, i.e., a global interconnection of quantum devices, is the long term goal of quantum communications, and has so far been based on two-dimensional systems (qubits). Recent years have seen a significant development of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-11 Davide Bacco , Jacob F. F. Bulmer , Manuel Erhard , Marcus Huber , Stefano Paesani

We propose an architecture for scheduling network operations enabling the end-to-end generation of entanglement according to user demand. The main challenge solved by this architecture is to allow for the integration of a network schedule…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Thomas R. Beauchamp , Hana Jirovská , Scarlett Gauthier , Stephanie Wehner

Owing to its outstanding parallel computing capabilities, quantum computing (QC) has been a subject of continuous attention. With the gradual maturation of QC platforms, it has increasingly played a significant role in various fields such…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Wei Zhao , Tangjie Weng , Yue Ruan , Zhi Liu , Xuangou Wu , Xiao Zheng , Nei Kato