Related papers: Vector-scalar mixing to all orders, for an arbitra…
We study the effect of unitary mixing of scalar and vector fields in general $\xi$ gauge. This effect takes place for non-conserved vector currents and $\xi$ gauge generates some additional problems with unphysical scalar field. We obtained…
We study the possible mixings between gauge vector fields and scalar fields through their self-energies, arising in models with two Higgs doublets. We derive the relevant set of Schwinger-Dyson equations and the Ward identities that compel…
This paper proposes a unified class of generalized location-scale mixture of multivariate elliptical distributions and studies integral stochastic orderings of random vectors following such distributions. Given a random vector…
Unstable spin-1 particles are properly described by including absorptive corrections to the electromagnetic vertex and propagator, without breaking the electromagnetic gauge invariance. We show that the modified propagator can be set into a…
Explicit analytical expressions are derived for the gluon propagator in a generic linear covariant $R_\xi$ gauge, by a screened massive expansion for the exact Faddeev-Popov Lagrangian of pure Yang-Mills theory. At one-loop, if the gauge…
We decompose the quark propagator in the presence of an arbitrary gluon field with respect to a set of Dirac matrices. The four-dimensional integrals which arise in first order perturbation theory are rewritten as line-integrals along…
We consider the procedure of dressing of scalar and vector particles when there exists the off--diagonal loop connecting vector and scalar propagators. Instead of single Dyson equations for scalar and vector, we have in this case a system…
In order to use the Gaussian representation for propagators in Feynman amplitudes, a representation which is useful to relate string theory and field theory, one has to prove first that each $\alpha$- parameter (where $\alpha$ is the…
Vector and scalar potential formulation is valid from quantum theory to classical electromagnetics. The rapid development in quantum optics calls for electromagnetic solutions that straddle quantum physics as well as classical physics. The…
Writing the fully color dressed and graviton amplitudes, respectively, as ${\bf A}=<C|A> =<C|M|N> $ and ${\bf A}_{gr}= <\tilde N|M|N> $, where $|A> $ is a set of Kleiss-Kuijf color-ordered basis, $|N>, $|\tilde N> $ and $|C>$ are the…
For systems of unstable particles that mix with each other, an approximation of the fully momentum-dependent propagator matrix is presented in terms of a sum of simple Breit-Wigner propagators that are multiplied with finite on-shell wave…
We derive general tree-level recursion relations for amplitudes which include massive propagating particles. As an illustration, we apply these recursion relations to scattering amplitudes of gluons coupled to massive scalars. We provide…
Applying the principle of analytic extension for generalized functions we derive causal propagators for algebraic non-covariant gauges. The so generated manifestly causal gluon propagator in the light-cone gauge is used to evaluate two…
It is well known that the propagator for a massive scalar field is ill-defined in the coordinate space for $d\geq2$, in particular it diverges at the light-cone; we show that by using Lorentz symmetry breaking weighted measures, an infinite…
We present a comprehensive study of the quark sector of $2+1$ flavour QCD, based on a self-consistent treatment of the coupled system of Schwinger-Dyson equations for the quark propagator and the full quark-gluon vertex. The individual form…
The study on architecture and parameter characteristics remains the hot topic in the research of large language models. In this paper we concern with the characteristics of weight which are used to analyze the correlations and differences…
A vector-like extension of the standard model for heavier quarks and leptons with $SU(2)\times U(1)$ gauge symmetry and only one Higgs doublet is examined. This scheme incorporates infinitely many fermions and avoids the appearance of a…
The scattering of a fermion in the background of a smooth step potential is considered with a general mixing of vector and scalar Lorentz structures with the scalar coupling stronger than or equal to the vector coupling. Charge-conjugation…
It is well known that forward limits of tree-level amplitudes (and those trivalent diagrams they consist of) produce one-loop amplitudes and trivalent diagrams with propagators linear in the loop momentum. They naturally arise from one-loop…
The article derives multivariate Generalized Gram-Charlier (GGC) series that expands an unknown joint probability density function (\textit{pdf}) of a random vector in terms of the differentiations of the joint \textit{pdf} of a reference…