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Our current understanding of interstellar carbon fractionation hinges on the interpretation of astrochemical kinetic models. Yet, the various reactions included carry large uncertainties in their (estimated) rate coefficients, notably those…
The probability distribution of the entropy production for the effusion of a relativistic ideal gas is calculated explicitly. This result is then extended to include particle and anti-particle pair production and annihilation. In both…
We use a form of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to derive formulas giving the rate of production of spin-1/2 baryons in terms of the fluctuations of either meson or quark fields. The most general formulas do not assume thermal or…
We introduce quantum fluctuations into the simulated annealing process of optimization problems, aiming at faster convergence to the optimal state. Quantum fluctuations cause transitions between states and thus play the same role as thermal…
It has been reported recently that the equipartition theorem is violated in molecular dynamics simulations with periodic boundary condition [Shirts et al, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 164102 (2006)]. This effect is associated with the conservation…
The computation of free energies is a common issue in statistical physics. A natural technique to compute such high dimensional integrals is to resort to Monte Carlo simulations. However these techniques generally suffer from a high…
Measurement-based quantum computation utilizes an initial entangled resource state and proceeds with subsequent single-qubit measurements. It is implicitly assumed that the interactions between qubits can be switched off so that the…
We propose a method, Temperature Integration, which allows an efficient calculation of free energy differences between two systems of interest, with the same degrees of freedom, which may have rough energy landscapes. The method is based on…
We develop a new semiclassical approach, which starts with the density matrix given by the Euclidean time path integral with fixed coinciding endpoints, and proceed by identifying classical (minimal Euclidean action) path, to be referred to…
A key feature of the classical Fluctuation Dissipation theorem is its ability to approximate the average response of a dynamical system to a sufficiently small external perturbation from an appropriate time correlation function of the…
Out-of-equilibrium systems continuously generate entropy, with its rate of production being a fingerprint of non-equilibrium conditions. In small-scale dissipative systems subject to thermal noise, fluctuations of entropy production are…
We propose a method for calculating the reaction rates and transition amplitudes of generic process taking place in a many body system in equilibrium. The relationship of the scattering and decay amplitudes as calculated in Thermo Field…
A quantum version of a recent formulation of transition state theory in {\em phase space} is presented. The theory developed provides an algorithm to compute quantum reaction rates and the associated Gamov-Siegert resonances with very high…
We study fluctuations in diffusion-limited reaction systems driven out of their stationary state. Using a numerically exact method, we investigate fluctuation ratios in various systems which differ by their level of violation of microscopic…
We use semiclassical methods to calculate the probability of inducing a change of topology via a high-energy collision in the SU(2)-Higgs theory. This probability is determined by a complex solution to a classical boundary value problem on…
We use the quantum kinetic theory to calculate the steady state and the fluctuations of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperature. The system is divided in a condensate and a non-condensate part. A quantum mechanical…
Chemical equilibrium is fully characterized by thermodynamics, while the rates of chemical reactions can be calculated for ideal solutions by using mass-action equations. The evaluation of the rates of reactions in a non-ideal system is…
We propose a new quantum transition-state theory for calculating Fermi's golden-rule rates in complex multidimensional systems. This method is able to account for the nuclear quantum effects of delocalization, zero-point energy and…
We propose certain approach of solving two-dimensional non-stationary and stationary advection-diffusion-reaction boundary value problems through their reduction to the set of corresponding one-dimensional problems. This method leverages…
The fluctuation-dissipation relation tells that dissipation always accompanies with thermal fluctuations. Relativistic fluctuating hydrodynamics is used to study the effects of the thermal fluctuations in the hydrodynamic expansion of the…