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With serial and parallel processors introduced into Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) execution, more and more researchers are dedicated to improving the performance of the computing paradigms by taking full advantage of the strengths of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jiaxin Huang , Bernhard Vogginger , Florian Kelber , Hector Gonzalez , Klaus Knobloch , Christian Georg Mayr

Deep 'Analog Artificial Neural Networks' (ANNs) perform complex classification problems with remarkably high accuracy. However, they rely on humongous amount of power to perform the calculations, veiling the accuracy benefits. The…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Parami Wijesinghe , Aayush Ankit , Abhronil Sengupta , Kaushik Roy

The emergence of nano-scale memristive devices encouraged many different research areas to exploit their use in multiple applications. One of the proposed applications was to implement synaptic connections in bio-inspired neuromorphic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-09-14 C. Mohan , L. A. Camuñas-Mesa , J. M. de la Rosa , T. Serrano-Gotarredona , B. Linares-Barranco

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are highly energy-efficient during inference, making them particularly suitable for deployment on neuromorphic hardware. Their ability to process event-driven inputs, such as data from dynamic vision sensors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Sirine Arfa , Bernhard Vogginger , Chen Liu , Johannes Partzsch , Mark Schone , Christian Mayr

Brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted attention for their event-driven characteristics and high energy efficiency. However, the temporal dependency and irregularity of spikes present significant challenges for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Kainan Wang , Chengyi Yang , Chengting Yu , Yee Sin Ang , Bo Wang , Aili Wang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are an emerging type of biologically plausible and efficient Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This work presents the development of a hardware accelerator for a SNN for high-performance inference, targeting a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Alessio Carpegna , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted enormous research interest due to temporal information processing capability, low power consumption, and high biological plausibility. However, the formulation of efficient and high-performance…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Wei Fang , Zhaofei Yu , Yanqi Chen , Timothee Masquelier , Tiejun Huang , Yonghong Tian

The complex and unique neural network topology of the human brain formed through natural evolution enables it to perform multiple cognitive functions simultaneously. Automated evolutionary mechanisms of biological network structure inspire…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Wenxuan Pan , Feifei Zhao , Zhuoya Zhao , Yi Zeng

Biological neurons can detect complex spatio-temporal features in spiking patterns via their synapses spread across across their dendritic branches. This is achieved by modulating the efficacy of the individual synapses, and by exploiting…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Melika Payvand , Simone D'Agostino , Filippo Moro , Yigit Demirag , Giacomo Indiveri , Elisa Vianello

Agent-based Transformers have been widely adopted in recent reinforcement learning advances due to their demonstrated ability to solve complex tasks. However, the high computational complexity of Transformers often results in significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Mohammad Irfan Uddin , Nishad Tasnim , Md Omor Faruk , Zejian Zhou

The efficiency of modern machine intelligence depends on high accuracy with minimal computational cost. In spiking neural networks (SNNs), synaptic delays are crucial for encoding temporal structure, yet existing models treat them as fully…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Lennart P. L. Landsmeer , Amirreza Movahedin , Mario Negrello , Said Hamdioui , Christos Strydis

Conventional Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are running into limitations in terms of training time and energy. Following the principles of the human brain, spiking neural networks trained with unsupervised learning offer a faster,…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-04-04 Ken Segall , Leon Nichols , Will Friend , Steven B. Kaplan

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) aim to realize brain-inspired intelligence on neuromorphic chips with high energy efficiency by introducing neural dynamics and spike properties. As the emerging spiking deep learning paradigm attracts…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Wei Fang , Yanqi Chen , Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Timothée Masquelier , Ding Chen , Liwei Huang , Huihui Zhou , Guoqi Li , Yonghong Tian

Due to the point-like nature of neuronal spiking, efficient neural network simulators often employ event-based simulation schemes for synapses. Yet many types of synaptic plasticity rely on the membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell as…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-05 Jonas Stapmanns , Jan Hahne , Moritz Helias , Matthias Bolten , Markus Diesmann , David Dahmen

Over the past decade Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) have emerged as one of the popular architectures to emulate the brain. In SNN, information is temporally encoded and communication between neurons is accomplished by means of spikes. In…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-12-14 Abhronil Sengupta , Aparajita Banerjee , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) that enable low-power design on edge devices have recently attracted significant research. However, the temporal characteristic of SNNs causes high latency, high bandwidth and high energy consumption for the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Hong-Han Lien , Chung-Wei Hsu , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Recently, large models, such as Vision Transformer and BERT, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional performance. However, their extensive computational requirements lead to considerable power and hardware resource…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zhengke Li , Wendong Mao , Siyu Zhang , Qiwei Dong , Zhongfeng Wang

Spiking neural networks, also often referred to as the third generation of neural networks, carry the potential for a massive reduction in memory and energy consumption over traditional, second-generation neural networks. Inspired by the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Alexander Henkes , Jason K. Eshraghian , Henning Wessels

Despite the promise of superior efficiency and scalability, real-world deployment of emerging nanoelectronic platforms for brain-inspired computing have been limited thus far, primarily because of inter-device variations and intrinsic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-25 A N M Nafiul Islam , Kezhou Yang , Amit K. Shukla , Pravin Khanal , Bowei Zhou , Wei-Gang Wang , Abhronil Sengupta