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Vector calculus in three dimensions with a Euclidian metric is the lingua franca of classical physics, including classical electrodynamics. This article corrects some long-standing imprecision in a fundamental result. Some textbooks assert…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-11-17 Oliver Davis Johns

We study warped flat geometries in three-dimensional topologically massive gravity. They are quotients of global warped flat spacetime, whose isometries are given by the 2-dimensional centrally extended Poincar\'e algebra. The latter can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-05 Stéphane Detournay , Wout Merbis , Gim Seng Ng , Raphaela Wutte

A variational principle is applied to 4D Euclidean space provided with a tensor refractive index, defining what can be seen as 4-dimensional optics (4DO). The geometry of such space is analysed, making no physical assumptions of any kind.…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jose B. Almeida

Geometric algebra is an optimal frame work for calculating with vectors. The geometric algebra of a space includes elements that represent all the its subspaces (lines, planes, volumes, ...). Conformal geometric algebra expands this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-06-07 Eckhard Hitzer

A class of surfaces-graphs in a Riemannian 3-space with a prescribed projection of one field of principal directions onto a surface $\Pi$ is considered. A problem of determination of such surfaces when both principal curvatures are given…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-03-11 Vladimir Rovenski , Leonid Zelenko

We discuss criteria for the nonexistence, existence and computation of invariant algebraic surfaces for three-dimensional complex polynomial vector fields, thus transferring a classical problem of Poincar\'e from dimension two to dimension…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Niclas Kruff , Jaume Llibre , Chara Pantazi , Sebastian Walcher

Variational calculus on a vector bundle E equipped with a structure of a general algebroid is developed, together with the corresponding analogs of Euler-Lagrange equations. Constrained systems are introduced in the variational and in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-11-22 Katarzyna Grabowska , Janusz Grabowski

We consider a generalisation of vector fields on a vector space, where the vector space is generalised to a highest-weight module over a Kac-Moody algebra. The generalised vector field is an element in a non-associative superalgebra defined…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Martin Cederwall , Jakob Palmkvist

A systematic approach has been developed to encompass the Minkowski-type extension of Euclidean geometry such that a one-vector anisotropy is permitted, retaining simultaneously the concept of angle. For the respective geometry, the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-07 G. S. Asanov

We study the projections in vector spaces over finite fields. We prove finite fields analogues of the bounds on the dimensions of the exceptional sets for Euclidean projection mapping. We provide examples which do not have exceptional…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-07-31 Changhao Chen

In this work, we have abstractly generalized the similarity law for multidimensional vectors. Initially, the law of similarity was derived for one-dimensional vectors. Although it operated with such values of the ratio of parts of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Artyom M. Grigoryan , Meruzhan M. Grigoryan

In recent years, sum-product estimates in Euclidean space and finite fields have been studied using a variety of combinatorial, number theoretic and analytic methods. Erdos type problems involving the distribution of distances, areas and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-03-31 David Covert , Derrick Hart , Alex Iosevich , Doowon Koh , Misha Rudnev

We consider multiple and set-indexed sums of random vectors taking values in Euclidean space of growing dimension. It is shown that, when viewed as finite metric spaces, the sets of values of such sums converge in probability. The limit is…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Bochen Jin , Alexander Marynych , Ilya Molchanov

Let $d,k$ be positive integers. We call generalized spaces the cartesian product of the $d$-dimensional sphere, $\mathbb{S}^d$, with the $k$-dimensional Euclidean space, $\mathbb{R}^k$. We consider the class ${\mathcal P}(\mathbb{S}^d…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Marcos Lopez de Prado , Ana Paula Peron , Emilio Porcu

We present fast and accurate ways to normalize two and three dimensional vectors and quaternions and compute their length. Our approach is an adaptation of ideas used in the linear algebra library LAPACK, and we believe that the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Walter F. Mascarenhas

The method of direct computation of universal (fibred) product in the category of commutative associative algebras of finite type with unity over a field is given and proven. The field of coefficients is not supposed to be algebraically…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Nadezda V. Timofeeva

We present the general framework of \'Ecalle's moulds in the case of linearization of a formal vector field without and within resonances. We enlighten the power of moulds by their universality, and calculability. We modify then \'Ecalle's…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2008-01-21 Jacky Cresson , Guillaume Morin

We generalize the Fenchel theorem to strong spacelike (which means that the tangent vector and the curvature vector span a spacelike 2-plane at each point) closed curves with index 1 in the 3-dimensional Lorentz space, showing that the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-03-07 Nan Ye , Xiang Ma , Donghao Wang

In the framework of Abstract Differential Geometry, we show that to a given principal sheaf and a representation of its stuctural sheaf in $A^n$, where A is a sheaf of associative, commutative, unital algebras (over R or C), we associate a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-05-29 E. Vassiliou

We study surfaces with parallel normalized mean curvature vector field in Euclidean or Minkowski 4-space. On any such surface we introduce special isothermal parameters (canonical parameters) and describe these surfaces in terms of three…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-10-03 Georgi Ganchev , Velichka Milousheva