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We introduce the concept of paravectors to describe the geometry of points in a three dimensional space. After defining a suitable product of paravectors, we introduce the concepts of biparavectors and triparavectors to describe line…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-12-03 Jayme Vaz , Stephen Mann

We study continuous groups of generalized Kerr-Schild transformations and the vector fields that generate them in any n-dimensional manifold with a Lorentzian metric. We prove that all these vector fields can be intrinsically characterized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 B. Coll , S. R. Hildebrandt , J. M. M. Senovilla

This paper generalizes the notion of geometric curves such as hyperbolas and ellipses to more general vector spaces with an associated inner product. This is done by generalizing the definition in terms of loci and foci of said curves in…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-29 Luis Chiner Carrillo

We present here a product between vectors and scalars that mixes them within their own space, using imaginaries to describe geometric products between vectors as complex vectors, rather than introducing higher order/dimensional vector…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-11-12 Mike R. Jeffrey

Killing vector fields in three dimensions play important role in the construction of the related spacetime geometry. In this work we show that when a three dimensional geometry admits a Killing vector field then the Ricci tensor of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Metin Gurses

We present algebraic projective geometry definitions of 3D rotations so as to bridge a small gap between the applications and the definitions of 3D rotations in homogeneous matrix form. A general homogeneous matrix formulation to 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Feng Lu , Ziqiang Chen

Cauchy's surface area formula says that for a convex body $K$ in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space the mean value of the $(n-1)$-dimensional volumes of the orthogonal projections of $K$ to hyperplanes is a constant multiple of the surface…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-07-25 Daniel Hug , Rolf Schneider

This paper concentrates on the homogeneous (conformal) model of Euclidean space (Horosphere) with subspaces that intuitively correspond to Euclidean geometric objects in three dimensions. Mathematical details of the construction and…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-06-06 Eckhard Hitzer

We formalize the notion of vector semi-inner products and introduce a class of vector seminorms which are built from these maps. The classical Pythagorean theorem and parallelogram law are then generalized to vector seminorms that have a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-23 Kyle Rose , Christopher Schwanke , Zachary Ward

This paper will extend a known relationship between the circumradius and dihedral angles of a tetrahedron in three-dimensional Euclidean space to three-dimensional affine space over a general field not of characteristic two, using only the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-01-28 Gennady Arshad Notowidigdo

Projective geometry provides the preferred framework for most implementations of Euclidean space in graphics applications. Translations and rotations are both linear transformations in projective geometry, which helps when it comes to…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Chris Doran , Anthony Lasenby , Joan Lasenby

The article presents a new approach to euclidean plane geometry based on projective geometric algebra (PGA). It is designed for anyone with an interest in plane geometry, or who wishes to familiarize themselves with PGA. After a brief…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-11-01 Charles G. Gunn

This paper demonstrates that parallel vector curves are piecewise cubic rational curves in 3D piecewise linear vector fields. Parallel vector curves -- loci of points where two vector fields are parallel -- have been widely used to extract…

Graphics · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Hanqi Guo , Tom Peterka

The paper explains how a unit generalized quaternion is used to represent a rotation of a vector in 3-dimensional space. We review of some algebraic properties of generalized quaternions and operations between them and then show their…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-03-10 Mehdi Jafari , Yusuf Yayli

We prove the 3-dimensional Gaussian product inequality, i.e., for any real-valued centered Gaussian random vector $(X,Y,Z)$ and $m\in \mathbb{N}$, it holds that…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-13 Guolie Lan , Ze-Chun Hu , Wei Sun

Recently, the geodesibility of planar vector fields, which are algebrizable (differentiable in the sense of Lorch for some associative and commutative unital algebra), has been established. In this paper, we consider algebrizable…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-12-03 M. E. Frías-Armenta , E. López-González

We construct the general action for Abelian vector multiplets in rigid 4-dimensional Euclidean (instead of Minkowskian) N=2 supersymmetry, i.e., over space-times with a positive definite instead of a Lorentzian metric. The target manifolds…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Vicente Cortes , Christoph Mayer , Thomas Mohaupt , Frank Saueressig

A set of basic vectors locally describing metric properties of an arbitrary 2-dimensional (2D) surface is used for construction of fundamental algebraic objects having nilpotent and idempotent properties. It is shown that all possible…

General Physics · Physics 2012-02-15 Alexander P. Yefremov

A null vector is an algebraic quantity with square equal to zero. I denote the universal algebra generated by taking all sums and products of null vectors over the real or complex numbers by N. The rules of addition and multiplication in N…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-03-08 Garret Sobczyk

I will discuss results of three different types in geometry and topology. (1) General vanishing and rigidity theorems of elliptic genera proved by using modular forms, Kac-Moody algebras and vertex operator algebras. (2) The computations of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kefeng Liu