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Milagro and HAWC have detected extended TeV gamma-ray emission around nearby pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). Building on these discoveries, Linden et al. [1] identified a new source class -- TeV halos -- powered by the interactions of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-28 Takahiro Sudoh , Tim Linden , John F. Beacom

It has long been suggested that nearby pulsars within $\sim 1 \,{\rm kpc}$ are the leading candidate of the 10-500 GeV cosmic-ray positron excess measured by PAMELA and other experiments. The recent measurement of surface brightness profile…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-26 Shao-Qiang Xi , Ruo-Yu Liu , Zhi-Qiu Huang , Kun Fang , Xiang-Yu Wang

The HAWC Collaboration has recently reported the detection of bright and spatially extended multi-TeV gamma-ray emission from Geminga, Monogem, and a handful of other nearby, middle-aged pulsars. The angular profile of the emission observed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-17 Dan Hooper , Tim Linden

Diffusive shock acceleration and diffusion propagation are essential components of the standard cosmic ray model. These theories are based on extensive observations of high-energy solar processes, providing substantial direct evidence in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Weikang Gao , Li-Zhuo Bao , Kun Fang , En-sheng Chen , Siming Liu , HongBo Hu

Pulsar halos are a recently identified class of TeV $\gamma$-ray sources, offering valuable insights into the evolution of pulsar systems at the highest energies. However, only a handful of such sources have been detected so far, making…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-06 Tina Wach , Alison M. W. Mitchell

We report on six new Chandra observations of the Geminga pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The PWN consists of three distinct elongated structures - two $\approx 0.2 d_{250}$ pc long lateral tails and a segmented axial tail of $\approx 0.05…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-01-25 B. Posselt , G. G. Pavlov , P. O. Slane , R. Romani , N. Bucciantini , A. M. Bykov , O. Kargaltsev , M. C. Weisskopf , C. -Y. Ng

The gamma-ray halo surrounding Geminga suggests a notable reduction in cosmic-ray diffusion. One potential explanation for this phenomenon is the projection effect of slow diffusion perpendicular to the average magnetic field (represented…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-04 Junji Xia , Xiaojun Bi , Kun Fang , Siming Liu

Geminga is an enigmatic radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar located at a mere 250 pc distance from Earth. Extended very-high-energy gamma-ray emission around the pulsar has been detected by multiple water Cherenkov detector based instruments.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-01 A. M. W. Mitchell , S. Caroff

Observations by HAWC indicate that many young pulsars (including Geminga and Monogem) are surrounded by spatially extended, multi-TeV emitting regions. It is not currently known, however, whether TeV emission is also produced by recycled,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-15 Dan Hooper , Tim Linden

Observations have shown that spatially extended "TeV halos" are a common (and potentially generic) feature surrounding young and middle-aged pulsars. However, their morphology is not understood. They are larger than the "compact" region…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-22 Payel Mukhopadhyay , Tim Linden

We present a detailed study of the gamma-ray emission from the direction of the star-forming region W30 based on a decade of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data in the 0.3-300 GeV photon energy range. The morphological and spectral analyses…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-21 Bing Liu , Rui-zhi Yang , Xiao-na Sun , Felix Aharonian , Yang Chen

Geminga is a radio-quiet pulsar ~250 parsecs from Earth that was first discovered as a GeV gamma-ray source and then identified as a pulsar. Milagro observed an extended TeV source spatially consistent with Geminga. HAWC observes a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 B. M. Baughman , J. Wood

HESS J1809-193 is an extended TeV $\gamma$-ray source and the origin of its $\gamma$-ray emission remains ambiguous. Pulsar wind nebula (PWN) of PSR J1809-1917 laying inside the extended $\gamma$-ray emission is a possible candidate.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-07 Chao-Ming Li , Chong Ge , Ruo-Yu Liu

A deep Very Large Array observation of the Geminga pulsar field led to the discovery, at a higher than 10 sigma significance level, of radio emission trailing the neutron star proper motion. This 10-arcsec-long radio feature, detected with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-01-17 A. Pellizzoni , F. Govoni , P. Esposito , M. Murgia , A. Possenti

Vela X is a nearby pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by a $\sim 10^4$ year old pulsar. Modeling of the spectral energy distribution of the Vela X PWN has shown that accelerated electrons have largely escaped from the confinement, which is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-31 Zhi-Qiu Huang , Kun Fang , Ruo-Yu Liu , Xiang-Yu Wang

We present the first detection of GeV $\gamma$-ray emission potentially associated with the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) hosted by the young core-collapse supernova remnant G292.0+1.8, based on a detailed time-resolved analysis of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-29 A. Lemière , G. Castelletti , N. L. Maza

The diffusion coefficients around the pulsar $\gamma$-ray halos are highly suppressed compared with the value in the interstellar medium. It is suggested in the literature that the $\gamma$-ray halos can be explained by a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-17 Xiao-Jun Bi

Measurements of the nearby pulsars Geminga and B0656+14 by the HAWC and Milagro telescopes have revealed the presence of bright TeV-emitting halos surrounding these objects. If young and middle-aged pulsars near the Galactic Center transfer…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-12-12 Dan Hooper , Ilias Cholis , Tim Linden

We report the discovery of MeV-GeV gamma-ray emission by the Fermi-LAT positionally coincident with the TeV pulsar wind nebula (PWN) HESS~J1554-550 within the host supernova remnant (SNR) G327.1-1.1. The gamma-ray emission is point-like and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-07 Jordan Eagle , Daniel Castro , Tea Temim , Jean Ballet , Patrick Slane , Joseph Gelfand , Matthew Kerr , Marco Ajello

The Vela supernova remnant (SNR), G263.9-3.3, and its pulsar wind nebula (PWN), Vela X, is one of the closest such systems, and it has been studied using observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. SNRs are known sources of gamma rays…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-21 Miguel Araya , Santiago Ramírez , Diego Bueso , Braulio J. Solano-Rojas