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The use of programming languages such as Java and C in Open Source Software (OSS) has been well studied. However, many other popular languages such as XSL or XML have received minor attention. In this paper, we discuss some trends in OSS…
Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently used extensively to generate code by professionals and students, motivating the development of tools to detect LLM-generated code for applications such as academic integrity and cybersecurity. We…
Maintaining consistency between code and documentation is a crucial yet frequently overlooked aspect of software development. Even minor mismatches can confuse API users, introduce new bugs, and increase overall maintenance effort. This…
A key consideration when training an LLM is whether the target language is more or less resourced, for example English compared to Welsh, or Python compared to Excel. Typical training data for programming languages consists of real program…
Implementing automated unit tests is an important but time-consuming activity in software development. To assist developers in this task, many techniques for automating unit test generation have been developed. However, despite this effort,…
Java programming language has been long used to develop native Android mobile applications. In the last few years many companies and freelancers have switched into using Kotlin partially or entirely. As such, many projects are released as…
In software engineering, log statement is an important part because programmers can't access to users' program and they can only rely on log message to find the root of bugs. The mechanism of "log level" allows developers and users to…
Natural language elements, e.g., todo comments, are frequently used to communicate among the developers and to describe tasks that need to be performed (actions) when specific conditions hold in the code repository (triggers). As projects…
Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is a form of Technical Debt where developers document the debt using source code comments (SATD-C) or issues (SATD-I). However, it is still unclear the circumstances that drive developers to choose one or…
As large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Copilot, Claude, and Gemini become integrated into software development workflows, developers increasingly leave traces of AI involvement in their code comments. Among these, some comments…
The advent of large language models (LLMs) has ushered in a new era in automated code translation across programming languages. Since most code-specific LLMs are pretrained on well-commented code from large repositories like GitHub, it is…
While modern software development heavily uses versioned packages, programming languages rarely support the concept of versions in their semantics, which makes software updates more bulky and unsafe. This paper proposes a programming…
Application of formal models provides many benefits for the software and system development, however, the learning curve of formal languages could be a critical factor for an industrial project. Thus, a natural language specification that…
Understanding the purpose of source code is a critical task in software maintenance, onboarding, and modernization. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating code explanations, they often lack grounding in the…
Generative artificial intelligence attracts significant attention, especially with the introduction of large language models. Its capabilities are being exploited to solve various software engineering tasks. Thanks to their ability to…
Background: Since Google introduced Kotlin as an official programming language for developing Android apps in 2017, Kotlin has gained widespread adoption in Android development. The inter-operability of Java and Kotlin's design nature…
An eye-tracking study of 18 developers reading and summarizing Java methods is presented. The developers provide a written summary for methods assigned to them. In total, 63 methods are used from five different systems. Previous studies on…
Static program analysis development is a non-trivial and time-consuming task. We present a framework through which developers can define static program analyses in natural language. We show the application of this framework to identify…
In the domain of Software Engineering, program analysis and understanding has been considered to be a very challenging task since decade, as it demands dedicated time and efforts. The analysis of source code may occasionally be…
Open source software development has become more social and collaborative, evident GitHub. Since 2016, GitHub started to support more informal methods such as emoji reactions, with the goal to reduce commenting noise when reviewing any code…