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A weighted string over an alphabet of size $\sigma$ is a string in which a set of letters may occur at each position with respective occurrence probabilities. Weighted strings, also known as position weight matrices or uncertain sequences,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-12-09 Carl Barton , Chang Liu , Solon P. Pissis

In this paper we study a variant of string pattern matching which deals with tuples of strings known as \textit{multi-track strings}. Multi-track strings are a generalisation of strings (or \textit{single-track strings}) that have primarily…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Carl Barton , Ewan Birney , Tomas Fitzgerald

The order preserving pattern matching (OPPM) problem is, given a pattern string $p$ and a text string $t$, find all substrings of $t$ which have the same relative orders as $p$. In this paper, we consider two variants of the OPPM problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-26 Temma Nakamura , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

We consider several types of internal queries, that is, questions about fragments of a given text $T$ specified in constant space by their locations in $T$. Our main result is an optimal data structure for Internal Pattern Matching (IPM)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Tomasz Kociumaka , Jakub Radoszewski , Wojciech Rytter , Tomasz Waleń

Given two strings $T$ and $S$ and a set of strings $P$, for each string $p \in P$, consider the unique substrings of $T$ that have $p$ as their prefix and $S$ as their suffix. Two problems then come to mind; the first problem being the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Laurentius Leonard , Ken Tanaka

Given a pattern string $P$ of length $n$ and a query string $T$ of length $m$, where the characters of $P$ and $T$ are drawn from an alphabet of size $\Delta$, the {\em exact string matching} problem consists of finding all occurrences of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-01 Srikrishnan Divakaran

Parameterized strings are a generalization of strings in that their characters are drawn from two different alphabets, where one is considered to be the alphabet of static characters and the other to be the alphabet of parameter characters.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Dominik Köppl , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

We present a compressed representation of tries based on top tree compression [ICALP 2013] that works on a standard, comparison-based, pointer machine model of computation and supports efficient prefix search queries. Namely, we show how to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Paweł Gawrychowski , Gad M. Landau , Oren Weimann

Given a set of pattern strings $\mathcal{P}=\{P_1, P_2,\ldots P_k\}$ and a text string $S$, the classic dictionary matching problem is to report all occurrences of each pattern in $S$. We study the dictionary problem in the compressed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Simon J. Puglisi , Simon R. Tarnow

A decision problem is called parameterized if its input is a pair of strings. One of these strings is referred to as a parameter. The problem: given a propositional logic program P and a non-negative integer k, decide whether P has a stable…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Zbigniew Lonc , Miroslaw Truszczynski

Exact pattern matching in labeled graphs is the problem of searching paths of a graph $G=(V,E)$ that spell the same string as the given pattern $P[1..m]$. This basic problem can be found at the heart of more complex operations on variation…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Massimo Equi , Roberto Grossi , Alexandru I. Tomescu , Veli Mäkinen

We present the first worst-case linear time algorithm that directly computes the parameterized suffix and LCP arrays for constant sized alphabets. Previous algorithms either required quadratic time or the parameterized suffix tree to be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Noriki Fujisato , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

Here we study the complexity of string problems as a function of the size of a program that generates input. We consider straight-line programs (SLP), since all algorithms on SLP-generated strings could be applied to processing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yury Lifshits

A well-labelled positive path of size n is a pair (p,\sigma) made of a word p=p_1p_2...p_{n-1} on the alphabet {-1, 0,+1} such that the sum of the letters of any prefix is non-negative, together with a permutation \sigma of {1,2,...,n} such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-04 Olivier Bernardi , Bertrand Duplantier , Philippe Nadeau

Encoding data structures store enough information to answer the queries they are meant to support but not enough to recover their underlying datasets. In this paper we give the first encoding data structure for the challenging problem of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini , Rossano Venturini

Tries are general purpose data structures for information retrieval. The most significant parameter of a trie is its height $H$ which equals the length of the longest common prefix of any two string in the set $A$ over which the trie is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Stefan Eckhardt , Sven Kosub , Johannes Nowak

Binary jumbled pattern matching asks to preprocess a binary string $S$ in order to answer queries $(i,j)$ which ask for a substring of $S$ that is of length $i$ and has exactly $j$ 1-bits. This problem naturally generalizes to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Travis Gagie , Danny Hermelin , Gad M. Landau , Oren Weimann

We show how to determine whether a given pattern p of length m occurs in a given text t of length n in ${\tilde O}(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{m})$\footnote{${\tilde O}$ allows for logarithmic factors in m and $n/m$} time, with inverse polynomial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Ramesh , V. Vinay

It is widely assumed that $O(m+\lg \sigma)$ is the best one can do for finding a pattern of length $m$ in a compacted trie storing strings over an alphabet of size $\sigma$, if one insists on linear-size data structures and deterministic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-02-15 Johannes Fischer , Pawel Gawrychowski

The Permutation Pattern Matching problem, asking whether a pattern permutation $\pi$ is contained in a permutation $\tau$, is known to be NP-complete. In this paper we present two polynomial time algorithms for special cases. The first…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Michael H. Albert , Marie-Louise Lackner , Martin Lackner , Vincent Vatter