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Defects and their interactions in crystalline solids often underpin material properties and functionality as they are decisive for stability, result in enhanced diffusion, and act as a reservoir of vacancies. Recently, lithium-rich layered…

Memristive switching in polycrystalline materials is widely attributed to the formation and rupture of conducting filaments, believed to be mediated by oxygen-vacancy redistribution. The underlying atomic-scale processes are still unknown,…

The phase-ordering kinetics of a bulk uniaxial nematic liquid crystal is addressed using techniques that have been successfully applied to describe ordering in the O(n) model. The method involves constructing an appropriate mapping between…

Role of 'O' defects in sensing pollutant with nanostructured SnO_2 is not well understood, especially at low temperatures. SnO_2 nanoparticles were grown by soft chemistry route followed by subsequent annealing treatment under specific…

Electrons mediate many of the interactions between atoms in a solid. Their propagation in a material determines its thermal, electrical, optical, magnetic and transport properties. Therefore, the constant energy contours characterizing the…

Ion implantation is an interesting method to dope semiconducting materials such as zinc oxide provided that the implantation-induced defects can be subsequently removed. Nitrogen implantation followed by anneals under O2 were carried out on…

The ability of energy carriers to move between atoms and molecules underlies biochemical and material function. Understanding and controlling energy flow, however, requires observing it on ultrasmall and ultrafast spatiotemporal scales,…

Calculations of frequency spectra for organic molecular crystals taking various defects in their structure into account are carried out. It is shown how the presence of the vacancies, orientation disorder, and surface presence affects…

After nearly half a century of research into the bias temperature instability (BTI), two classes of models have emerged as the strongest contenders: one class of models, the reaction-diffusion models, is built around the idea that hydrogen…

Linear complexions are stable defect states, where the stress field associated with a dislocation induces a local phase transformation that remains restricted to nanoscale dimensions. As these complexions are born at the defects which…

High-order optical vortices are inherently unstable, as they tend to split up under perturbation to a series of vortices with unity charge. Control over the perturbation opens up a new degree of freedom to control and tune their location in…

Acid solutions exhibit a variety of complex structural and dynamical features arising from the presence of multiple interacting reactive proton defects and counterions. However, disentangling the transient structural motifs of proton…

Point defects in crystalline materials often occur in multiple charge states. Although many experimental methods to study and explore point defects are available, techniques to explore the non-equilibrium dynamics of the charge states of…

Deep defects in silicon carbide (SiC) possess atom-like electronic, spin and optical properties, making them ideal for quantum-computing and -sensing applications. In these applications, deep defects are often placed within fabricated…

Molecular oxygen has been the subject of many observational searches as chemical models predicted it to be a reservoir of oxygen. Although it has been detected in two regions of the interstellar medium, its rarity is a challenge for…

Anaerobic processes (e.g., methanogenesis and fermentation) largely contribute to element cycling and natural contaminant attenuation/mobilization, even in well-oxygenated porous environments, such as shallow aquifers. This paradox is…

Many systems in nature and the synthetic world involve ordered arrangements of units on two-dimensional surfaces. We review here the fundamental role payed by both the topology of the underlying surface and its detailed curvature. Topology…

Study on mechanical properties of one-dimensional layered titanate nanomaterials is crucial since they demonstrate important applications in various fields. Here, we conducted ex situ and in situ atomic-scale investigation on bending…

Molecular nitrogen is one of the key species in the chemistry of interstellar clouds and protoplanetary disks and the partitioning of nitrogen between N and N2 controls the formation of more complex prebiotic nitrogen-containing species.…

Optically active quantum defects play an important role in quantum sensing, computing, and communication. The electronic structure and the single-particle energy levels of these quantum defects in the semiconducting host have been used to…