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The high energy radiation environment around M dwarf stars strongly impacts the characteristics of close-in exoplanet atmospheres, but these wavelengths are difficult to observe due to geocoronal and interstellar contamination. On account…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-13 Sarah Peacock , Travis Barman , Evgenya L. Shkolnik , Peter H. Hauschildt , E. Baron

The photoionization-driven evaporation of planetary atmospheres has emerged as a potentially fundamental process for planets on short period orbits. While 1-D studies have proven the effectiveness of stellar fluxes at altering the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-19 Alex Debrecht , Jonathan Carroll-Nellenback , Adam Frank , John McCann , Ruth Murray-Clay , Eric G. Blackman

The evaporation and the chemistry of the atmospheres of warm and hot planets are strongly determined by the high-energy irradiation they receive from their parent stars. This is more crucial among young extra-solar systems, due to the high…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-23 A. Maggio , I. Pillitteri , C. Argiroffi , D. Locci , S. Benatti , G. Micela

The photoevaporation model is one of the leading explanations for the evolution of small, close-in planets and the origin of the radius-valley. However, without planet mass measurements, it is challenging to test the photoevaporation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 James Owen , Beatriz Campos Estrada

ExoplANETS-A is an EU Horizon-2020 project with the primary objective of establishing new knowledge on exoplanet atmospheres. Intimately related to this topic is the study of the host-stars radiative properties in order to understand the…

In situ exploration of the planetary atmospheres requires the development of laboratory experiments to understand the molecular growth pathways initiated by photochemistry in the upper layers of the atmospheres. Major species and dominant…

High-energy emission spectra from the outer atmospheres of late-type stars represent an important feature of the stellar activity in several contexts, such as the photoevaporation and photochemistry of planetary atmospheres or the modeling…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-17 Antonio Maggio , Ignazio Pillitteri , Jorge Sanz-Forcada , Giuseppina Micela

Terrestrial planets formed within gaseous protoplanetary disks can accumulate significant hydrogen envelopes. The evolution of such an atmosphere due to XUV driven evaporation depends on the activity evolution of the host star, which itself…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-06 C. P. Johnstone , M. Güdel , A. Stökl , H. Lammer , L. Tu , K. G. Kislyakova , T. Lüftinger , P. Odert , N. V. Erkaev , E. A. Dorfi

Detailed characterization of an extrasolar planet's atmosphere provides the best hope for distinguishing the makeup of its outer layers, and the only hope for understanding the interplay between initial composition, chemistry, dynamics &…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-09 Ian J. M. Crossfield

Transmission spectroscopy during planetary transits is expected to be a major source of information on the atmospheres of small (approximately Earth-sized) exoplanets in the next two decades. This technique, however, is intrinsically…

Exoplanets residing close to their stars can experience evolution of both their physical structures and their orbits due to the influence of their host stars. In this work, we present a coupled analysis of dynamical tidal dissipation and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-03 Juliette Becker , Elena Gallo , Edmund Hodges-Kluck , Fred C. Adams , Rory Barnes

The EUV (100-912 {\AA}) is a spectral region notoriously difficult to observe due to attenuation by neutral hydrogen gas in the interstellar medium. Despite this, hundreds to thousands of nearby stars of different spectral types and…

Over the past decade, observations of evaporating exoplanets have become increasingly common, driven by the discovery of the near-infrared helium-triplet line as a powerful probe of atmospheric escape. This process significantly influences…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-22 Patrick McCreery , Leonardo A. Dos Santos , Néstor Espinoza , Romain Allart , James Kirk

When a star is described as a spectral class G2V, we know its approximate mass, temperature, age, and size. At more than 5,700 exoplanets discovered, it is a natural developmental step to establish a classification for them, such as for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-17 E. Plávalová , A. Rosaev

With over 1800 planets discovered outside of the Solar System in the past two decades, the field of exoplanetology has broadened our perspective on planetary systems. Research priorities are now moving from planet detection to planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-07 Julien de Wit

Exoplanet properties depend on how well the host star is characterized. For instance, the stellar atmospheric parameters (i.e., effective temperature, surface gravity and overall metallicity) are needed to derive the stellar mass and radius…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-20 Sergi Blanco-Cuaresma

Atmospheric compositions for rocky exoplanets will depend strongly on the bulk planetary composition and the orbital position of the planet. Non-traditional gases may be present in the atmospheres of exceptionally hot planets. Atmospheres…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-20 Laura Schaefer , Vivien Parmentier

Over the last twenty years, the search for extrasolar planets revealed us the rich diversity of the outcomes of the formation and evolution of planetary systems. In order to fully understand how these extrasolar planets came to be, however,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-17 D. Turrini , R. P. Nelson , M. Barbieri

Exoplanet science is now in its full expansion, particularly after the CoRoT and Kepler space missions that led us to the discovery of thousands of extra-solar planets. The last decade has taught us that UV observations play a major role in…

The characteristics of irradiated solar system planetary atmospheres have been studied for decades, consequently modern planetary science benefits from an exhaustive body of ground- and space-based data. The study of extrasolar planetary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-29 Mark S. Marley
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