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We show that tree-level form factors with length-two operators in Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) theory exhibit structures very similar to scattering amplitudes of gluons and scalars, which leads to new relations between them. Just like…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-01 Jin Dong , Song He , Guanda Lin

We review recent progress in the understanding of symmetries for scattering amplitudes in N=4 superconformal Yang-Mills theory. It is summarized how the superficial breaking of superconformal symmetry by collinear anomalies and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-19 Till Bargheer , Niklas Beisert , Florian Loebbert

Scattering amplitudes in planar super-Yang-Mills theory satisfy several basic physical and mathematical constraints, including physical constraints on their branch cut structure and various empirically discovered connections to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-05 Thomas Harrington , Marcus Spradlin

The recently-developed "scalar-scaffolding" formulation of gluon amplitudes casts the Yang-Mills (YM) amplitude as a well-defined Laurent series expansion in scalar variables, valid for any spacetime dimension and helicity configuration. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-24 Jeffrey V. Backus

We present a supersymmetric recursion relation for tree-level scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills. Using this recursion relation, we prove that the tree-level S-matrix of the maximally supersymmetric theory is covariant under dual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-12-30 Andreas Brandhuber , Paul Heslop , Gabriele Travaglini

We emphasize that scattering amplitudes of a wide class of models to any order in the coupling are constructible by on-shell tree subamplitudes. This follows from the Feynman-tree theorem combined with BCFW on-shell recursion relations. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-05-18 M. Maniatis

The tree-level S-matrix of Einstein's theory is known to have a representation as an integral over the moduli space of punctured spheres localized to the solutions of the scattering equations. In this paper we introduce three operations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-02 Freddy Cachazo , Song He , Ellis Ye Yuan

We demonstrate that all tree-level string theory amplitudes can be computed using the BCFW recursion relations. Our proof utilizes the pomeron vertex operator introduced by Brower, Polchinski, Strassler, and Tan. Surprisingly, we find that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-20 Clifford Cheung , Donal O'Connell , Brian Wecht

We extend the twistor string theory inspired formalism introduced in hep-th/0407214 for calculating loop amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory to the case of N=1 (and N=2) super Yang-Mills. Our approach yields a novel representation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-05-05 James Bedford , Andreas Brandhuber , Bill Spence , Gabriele Travaglini

We consider the leading and subleading UV divergences for the four-point on-shell scattering amplitudes in D=8 N=1 sypersymmetric Yang-Mills theory within the spinor-helicity and superfield formalism. This theory belongs to the class of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-01 D. I. Kazakov , D. E. Vlasenko

In this paper, we study the relation between the Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) formula and the maximal-helicity-violating (MHV) amplitudes of Yang-Mills and gravity in four dimensions. We prove that only one special rational solution of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-05-23 Yi-jian Du , Fei Teng , Yong-Shi Wu

The planar three-gluon form factor for the chiral stress tensor operator in planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is an analog of the Higgs-to-three-gluon scattering amplitude in QCD. The amplitude (symbol) bootstrap program has…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-17 Tianji Cai , François Charton , Kyle Cranmer , Lance J. Dixon , Garrett W. Merz , Matthias Wilhelm

We present a new formula for all single trace tree amplitudes in four dimensional super Yang-Mills coupled to Einstein supergravity. Like the Cachazo-He-Yuan formula, our expression is supported on solutions of the scattering equations, but…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Tim Adamo , Eduardo Casali , Kai A. Roehrig , David Skinner

In the gauge-theoretic formulation of gravity the cubic vertex becomes simple enough for some graviton scattering amplitudes to be computed using Berends-Giele-type recursion relations. We present such a computation for the current with all…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-09-05 Gianluca Delfino , Kirill Krasnov , Carlos Scarinci

The various formulations of scattering amplitudes presented in recent years have underlined a hidden unity among very different theories. The KLT and BCJ relations, together with the CHY formulation, connect the S-matrices of a wide range…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Max Bollmann , Livia Ferro

Recently it has been argued that tree-level scattering amplitudes in N=4 Yang-Mills theory are uniquely determined by a careful study of their superconformal and Yangian symmetries. However, at one-loop order these symmetries are known to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-22 Niklas Beisert , Johannes Henn , Tristan McLoughlin , Jan Plefka

We provide a theory defined purely on null infinity that describes Yang-Mills in the Minkowski space bulk. The dynamical field of our model is the characteristic data of the bulk gauge field, and the action combines an electric branch…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-14 Jeffrey Opreij , David Skinner , Hangzhi Wang

Using only general features of the S-matrix and quantum field theory, we prove by induction the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations that link products of gauge theory amplitudes to gravity amplitudes at tree level. As a bonus of our analysis, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-13 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Poul H. Damgaard , Bo Feng , Thomas Sondergaard

We give an explicit recursive formula for the all L-loop integrand for scattering amplitudes in N=4 SYM in the planar limit, manifesting the full Yangian symmetry of the theory. This generalizes the BCFW recursion relation for tree…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-01-17 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Jacob L. Bourjaily , Freddy Cachazo , Simon Caron-Huot , Jaroslav Trnka

When we describe string field theory or quantum field theory in terms of homotopy algebras, on-shell scattering amplitudes at the tree level are obtained by the formula based on the minimal model. While this formula can be extended to loop…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-14 Keisuke Konosu , Yuji Okawa , Shono Shibuya , Jojiro Totsuka-Yoshinaka