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Multipartite quantum states that cannot be uniquely determined by their reduced states of all proper subsets of the parties exhibit some inherit `high-order' correlation. This paper elaborates this issue by giving necessary and sufficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-29 Yuan Feng , Runyao Duan , Mingsheng Ying

Unitary operations are physically implementable. We further the understanding of such operations by studying the possible forms of nonlocal unitary operators, which are bipartite or multipartite unitary operators that are not tensor product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-22 Lin Chen , Li Yu

Mixed states that are uniquely determined among all (UDA) states are vital in efficient quantum tomography. We show the necessary and sufficient conditions by which some multipartite mixed states are UDA by their $k$-partite reduced density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Xinyu Qiu , Lin Chen , Genwei Li , Delin Chu

By exploiting the permutation symmetry of Dick states, we derive closed analytical expressions of Schmidt decompositions for {\it all} possible bipartitions of a system described by this kind of state. This allows us to exhaustively compute…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-03 M. G. M. Moreno , Fernando Parisio

The purpose of this paper is to obtain a sufficient and necessary condition as a criteria to test whether an arbitrary multipartite state is entangled or not. Based on the tensor expression of a multipartite pure state, the paper shows that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Chang-shui Yu , He-shan Song

In this paper, we discuss the partial separability and its criteria problems of multipartite qubit mixed-states. First we strictly define what is the partial separability of a multipartite qubit system. Next we give a reduction way from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zai-Zhe Zhong

A real symmetric matrix $M$ is completely positive semidefinite if it admits a Gram representation by (Hermitian) positive semidefinite matrices of any size $d$. The smallest such $d$ is called the (complex) completely positive semidefinite…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-27 Sander Gribling , David de Laat , Monique Laurent

Any pure two-qubit state can be represented by six real angles, with a natural parameterization indicated by the bipartite structure. After explicitly identifying all of these angles for the first time, it is found that the parameters can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-19 K. B. Wharton

We present a full definition of mixed maximally entangled (MME) states for multipartite systems, generalizing their existing definition for bipartite systems by using multipartite Schmidt decomposition. MME states are a special kind of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-01 Samuel R. Hedemann

We propose a technique to investigate multipartite entanglement in the symmetric subspace. Our approach is to map an $N$-qubit symmetric state onto a bipartite symmetric state of higher local dimension. We show that this mapping preserves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Carlo Marconi , Satoya Imai

We investigate classification and detection of entanglement of multipartite quantum states in a very general setting, and obtain efficient $k$-separability criteria for mixed multipartite states in arbitrary dimensional quantum systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-26 Ting Gao , Yan Hong , Yao Lu , Fengli Yan

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for separability of mixed states. As a result we obtain a simple criterion of separability for $2\times2$ and $2\times3$ systems. Here, the positivity of the partial transposition of a state is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Michal Horodecki , Pawel Horodecki , Ryszard Horodecki

Every choice of an orthonormal frame in the d-dimensional Hilbert space of a system corresponds to one set of all mutually commuting density matrices or, equivalently, a classical statistical state space of the system; the quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-20 Rajeev Singh , Ravi Kunjwal , R. Simon

We consider a bipartite quantum system H_A x H_B with M=dim H_A and N=dim H_B. We study the set E of extreme points of the compact convex set of all states having positive partial transpose (PPT) and its subsets E_r={rho in E: rank rho=r}.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-11-19 Lin Chen , Dragomir Z. Djokovic

We reduce the question whether a given quantum mixed state is separable or entangled to the problem of existence of a certain full family of commuting normal matrices whose matrix elements are partially determined by components of the pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jan Samsonowicz , Marek Kus , Maciej Lewenstein

We investigate the structure of $k$-positivity and Schmidt numbers for classes of linear maps and bipartite quantum states exhibiting symplectic group symmetries. Specifically, we consider (1) linear maps on $M_d(\mathbb{C})$ which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Sang-Jun Park

We show that a bipartite state on a tensor product of two matrix algebras is almost surely entangled if its rank is not greater than that of one of its reduced density matrices.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Mary Beth Ruskai , Elisabeth M. Werner

We show that all density operators of 2$\times N$--dimensional quantum systems that remain invariant after partial transposition with respect to the first system are separable. Based on this criterion, we derive a sufficient separability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Lewenstein , J. I. Cirac , S. Karnas

Our previous work about algebraic-geometric invariants of the mixed states are extended and a stronger separability criterion is given. We also show that the Schmidt number of pure states in bipartite quantum systems, a classical concept,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hao Chen

We introduce a composition of quantum states of a bipartite system which is based on the reshuffling of density matrices. This non-Abelian product is associative and stems from the composition of quantum maps acting on a simple quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Wojciech Roga , Mark Fannes , Karol Zyczkowski