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Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a widely recognized formal specification language to express rigorous temporal requirements on mixed analog signals produced by cyber-physical systems (CPS). A relevant problem in CPS design is how to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Beatrice Melani , Ezio Bartocci , Michele Chiari

In this paper, we study the control of dynamical systems under temporal logic task specifications using gradient-based methods relying on quantitative measures that express the extent to which the tasks are satisfied. A class of controllers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-06 Peter Varnai , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

We propose a new specification language and control synthesis technique for single and multi-robot high-level tasks; these tasks include timing constraints and reaction to environmental events. Specifically, we define Event-based Signal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-01 David Gundana , Hadas Kress-Gazit

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) robustness is a common objective for optimal robot control, but its dependence on history limits the robot's decision-making capabilities when used in Model Predictive Control (MPC) approaches. In this work, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Roland Ilyes , Lara Brudermüller , Nick Hawes , Bruno Lacerda

A framework is presented for the verification of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications over continuous-time nonlinear systems under uncertainty. Based on reachability analysis, the proposed method addresses indeterminate satisfaction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Antoine Besset , Joris Tillet , Julien Alexandre dit Sandretto

This paper presents a technique, named STLCG, to compute the quantitative semantics of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulas using computation graphs. STLCG provides a platform which enables the incorporation of logical specifications into…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-28 Karen Leung , Nikos Aréchiga , Marco Pavone

This paper presents a smooth parameterization of continuous-time Signal Temporal Logic (CT-STL) specifications for nonconvex trajectory optimization that is sound and complete up to the accuracy of the underlying numerical integration…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Samet Uzun , Behçet Açıkmeşe

Temporal logics (TLs) have been widely used to formalize interpretable tasks for cyber-physical systems. Time Window Temporal Logic (TWTL) has been recently proposed as a specification language for dynamical systems. In particular, it can…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Ahmad Ahmad , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Roberto Tron , Calin Belta

The deployment of autonomous systems in uncertain and dynamic environments has raised fundamental questions. Addressing these is pivotal to build fully autonomous systems and requires a systematic integration of planning and control. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-08 Lars Lindemann , George J. Pappas , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

We study the temporal robustness of stochastic signals. This topic is of particular interest in interleaving processes such as multi-agent systems where communication and individual agents induce timing uncertainty. For a deterministic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-15 Lars Lindemann , Alena Rodionova , George J. Pappas

Signal temporal logic (STL) is an expressive language to specify time-bound real-world robotic tasks and safety specifications. Recently, there has been an interest in learning optimal policies to satisfy STL specifications via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Harish Venkataraman , Derya Aksaray , Peter Seiler

Controller synthesis for hybrid systems that satisfy temporal specifications expressing various system properties is a challenging problem that has drawn the attention of many researchers. However, making the assumption that such temporal…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Dorsa Sadigh , Ashish Kapoor

This paper addresses the planning and control problem for nonlinear systems under Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications. We first decompose an STL task into finite local tasks. A sampling-based method generates sequences of local…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Zuodong Pan , Xu Fang , Wei Ren

In this paper, we consider the notions of effort and resilience of a dynamical control system defined by the maximum disturbance the system can withstand while satisfying given finite temporal logic specifications. Given a dynamical system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Youssef Ait Si , Ratnangshu Das , Negar Monir , Sadegh Soudjani , Pushpak Jagtap , Adnane Saoud

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in various robotics applications, yet its deployment on real systems is still limited due to safety and operational constraints. The safe RL field has gained considerable attention in recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Sadık Bera Yüksel , Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) offers a concise yet expressive framework for specifying and reasoning about spatio-temporal behaviors of robotic systems. Attractively, STL admits the notion of robustness, the degree to which an input signal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Parv Kapoor , Kazuki Mizuta , Eunsuk Kang , Karen Leung

In many applications, the integrals and derivatives of signals carry valuable information (e.g., cumulative success over a time window, the rate of change) regarding the behavior of the underlying system. In this paper, we extend the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-29 Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray , Yasin Yazıcıoğlu

Much of the recent work developing formal methods techniques to specify or learn the behavior of autonomous systems is predicated on a belief that formal specifications are interpretable and useful for humans when checking systems. Though…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ho Chit Siu , Kevin Leahy , Makai Mann

Ensuring safety and meeting temporal specifications are critical challenges for long-term robotic tasks. Signal temporal logic (STL) has been widely used to systematically and rigorously specify these requirements. However, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Yue Meng , Chuchu Fan

Motivated by the recent interest in risk-aware control, we study a continuous-time control synthesis problem to bound the risk that a stochastic linear system violates a given specification. We use risk signal temporal logic as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-12 Sleiman Safaoui , Lars Lindemann , Iman Shames , Tyler H. Summers