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Recently, combining high-contrast imaging and space astrometry we found that Jupiter-like (JL) planets are frequent in the beta Pic moving group (BPMG) around those stars where their orbit can be stable, prompting further analysis and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-06 R. Gratton , M. Bonavita , D. Mesa , S. Desidera , A. Zurlo , S. Marino , V. D'Orazi , E. Rigliaco , V. Nascimbeni , D. Barbato , G. Columba , V. Squicciarini

We employ planetary evolution modeling to reproduce the MR distribution of the 198 so far detected planets with mass and radius measured to the <45% and <15% level, respectively, and less massive than 108Me. We simultaneously account for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-28 Daria Kubyshkina , Luca Fossati

The discovery of giant planets in wide orbits represents a major challenge for planet formation theory. In the standard core accretion paradigm planets are expected to form at radial distances $\lesssim 20$ au in order to form massive cores…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-30 O. M. Guilera , M. M. Miller Bertolami , M. P. Ronco

Using numerical hydrodynamic simulations, we study the gravitational fragmentation of an unstable protostellar disc formed during the collapse of a pre-stellar core with a mass of 1.2 M_sun. The forming fragments span a mass range from…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Eduard Vorobyov , Olga Zakhozhay , Michael Dunham

The past 5 years have dramatically changed our view of the disks of gas and dust around young stars. Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and extreme adaptive optics systems have revealed that disks are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-10 Christophe Pinte , Richard Teague , Kevin Flaherty , Cassandra Hall , Stefano Facchini , Simon Casassus

Theories of planet formation predict the birth of giant planets in the inner, dense, and gas-rich regions of the circumstellar disks around young stars. These are the regions from which strong CO emission is expected. Observations have so…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Zs. Regaly , L. Kiss , Zs. Sandor , C. P. Dullemond

The high occurrence rates of spiral arms and large central clearings in protoplanetary disks, if interpreted as signposts of giant planets, indicate that gas giants form commonly as companions to young stars ($<$ few Myr) at orbital…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-03 Sean D. Brittain , Joan R. Najita , Ruobing Dong , Zhaohuan Zhu

The primary aim of this work is to examine the effect of parabolic stellar encounters on the evolution of a Jovian-mass giant planet forming within a protoplanetary disc. We consider the effect on both the mass accretion and the migration…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Moritz Fragner , Richard Nelson

A major outstanding question regarding the formation of planetary systems is whether wide-orbit giant planets form differently than close-in giant planets. We aim to establish constraints on two key parameters that are relevant for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-29 Kevin Wagner , Dániel Apai , Kaitlin M. Kratter

The detection of Earth-size exoplanets around low-mass stars -- in stars such as Proxima Centauri and TRAPPIST-1 -- provide an exceptional chance to improve our understanding of the formation of planets around M stars and brown dwarfs. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-24 Y. Miguel , A. Cridland , C. W. Ormel , J. J. Fortney , S. Ida

This paper presents a consistent description of the formation and the subsequent evolution of gaseous planets, with special attention to short-period, low-mass hot-Neptune planets characteristic of $\mu$ Ara-like systems. We show that core…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 I. Baraffe , Y. Alibert , G. Chabrier , W. Benz

It is believed that young massive stars orbiting Sgr A* in two stellar discs on scales of 0.1-0.2 parsecs were formed either farther out in the Galaxy and then quickly migrated inward, or in situ in a massive self-gravitating disc.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sergei Nayakshin , Walter Dehnen , Jorge Cuadra , Reinhard Genzel

Planets form in disks around young stars. Interactions with these disks cause them to migrate and thus affect their final orbital periods. We suggest that the connection between planets and disks may be deeper and involve a symbiotic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Re'em Sari , Peter Goldreich

The rapid growth in the number of known exoplanets has revealed the existence of several distinct planetary populations in the observed mass-period diagram. Two of the most surprising are, (1) the concentration of gas giants around 1AU and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yasuhiro Hasegawa , Ralph E. Pudritz

Recent ALMA observations revealed concentric annular structures in several young class-II objects. In an attempt to produce the rings and gaps in some of these systems, they have been modeled numerically with a single embedded planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-13 Alexandros Ziampras , Wilhelm Kley , Cornelis P. Dullemond

Many members of nearby young moving groups exhibit infrared excess attributed to circumstellar debris dust, formed via erosion of planetesimals. With their proximity and well-dated ages, these groups are excellent laboratories for studying…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-03 Á. Kóspál , A. Moór

A decade of surveys has hinted at a possible higher occurrence rate of debris discs in systems hosting low mass planets. This could be due to common favourable forming conditions for rocky planets close in and planetesimals at large radii.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-21 S. Marino , M. C. Wyatt , G. M. Kennedy , W. Holland , L. Matrà , A. Shannon , R. J. Ivison

The discovery of Jupiter-mass planets in close orbits about their parent stars has challenged models of planet formation. Recent observations have shown that a number of these planets have highly inclined, sometimes retrograde orbits about…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 James Guillochon , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , Douglas N. C. Lin

In the past decade, ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks revealed various substructures including gaps and rings. Their origin may be probed through statistical studies on the physical properties of the substructures. We present the…

We investigate the formation of discs within binary systems where at least one component has left the main sequence. In particular we calculate the occurrence rates of systems which can host long-lived, massive discs that may be able to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 Miriam Hogg , Graham Wynn , Chris Nixon