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Related papers: AdS/CFT as a deep Boltzmann machine

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These are course notes for the 'Introduction to holography' Master level course at University of Cologne. The goal of the course is to give a pedogogical introduction to holography. Holography is a popular approach to quantum gravity, in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-06 Nele Callebaut

We argue that classical spacetimes represent amplified information in the holographic theory of quantum gravity. In general, classicalization of a quantum system involves amplification of information at the cost of exponentially reducing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-06 Yasunori Nomura , Pratik Rath , Nico Salzetta

The Lorentzian AdS/CFT correspondence implies a map between local operators in supergravity and non-local operators in the CFT. By explicit computation we construct CFT operators which are dual to local bulk fields in the semiclassical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Alex Hamilton , Daniel Kabat , Gilad Lifschytz , David A. Lowe

Bayesian learning is ubiquitous for implementing classification and regression tasks, however, it is accompanied by computationally intractable limitations when the feature spaces become extremely large. Aiming to solve this problem, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-24 Yusen Wu , Chao-hua Yu , Sujuan Qin , Qiaoyan Wen , Fei Gao

We discuss the relationship between the bulk-boundary correspondence in Rehren's algebraic holography (and in other 'fixed-background' approaches to holography) and in mainstream 'Maldacena AdS/CFT'. Especially, we contrast the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-04-06 Bernard S. Kay , L. Ortiz

The quantum error correction interpretation of AdS/CFT establishes a sense of fluidity to the bulk/boundary dictionary. We show how this property can be utilized to construct a dictionary for operators behind horizons of pure black holes.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-10-09 Ahmed Almheiri

Nowadays, this is very popular to use the deep architectures in machine learning. Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) are deep architectures that use stack of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) to create a powerful generative model using training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-07 Mohammad Ali Keyvanrad , Mohammad Mehdi Homayounpour

The AdS/CFT correspondence realises the holographic principle where information in the bulk of a space is encoded at its border. We are yet a long way from a full mathematical construction of AdS/CFT, but toy models in the form of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-21 Harriet Apel , Tamara Kohler , Toby Cubitt

We study the semi-classical dynamics of a scalar field in the background of a black hole in an asymptotically AdS (AAdS) spacetime, in the framework of the Hamiltonian formulation of General Relativity. The small diffeomorphism (gauge)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-28 Anurag Kaushal , Naveen S. Prabhakar , Spenta R. Wadia

Recently, it has been proposed by Kempf a generalization of the Shannon sampling theory to the physics of curved spacetimes. With the aim of exploring the possible links between Holography and Information Theory we argue about the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Alejandro Correa-Borbonet

In this paper, we extend the study of wave packets from the AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ correspondence to AdS$_4$/CFT$_3$ and examine properties of their energy density. We find that, while the energy still localizes on the light cone, its spatial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-31 Norihiro Tanahashi , Seiji Terashima , Shiki Yoshikawa

We describe a new class of boundary conditions for AdS_{d+1} under which the boundary metric becomes a dynamical field. The key technical point is to show that contributions from boundary counter-terms in the bulk gravitational action…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Geoffrey Compère , Don Marolf

We establish the Lorentzian AdS$_2$/CFT$_1$ correspondence from a reconstruction of all bulk points through the kinematic-space approach. The OPE block is exactly a bulk local operator. We formulate the correspondence between the bulk…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-02 Xing Huang , Chen-Te Ma

When the bulk spacetime has a foliation structure, the collective dynamics of the hypersurfaces should reveal certain aspects of the bulk physics. The procedure of reducing the bulk to a hypersurface, called ADM reduction, was implemented…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-05 I. Y. Park

We find, in the AdS/CFT, a source on the boundary which generates one wave packet drawing a null geodesic inside the bulk. Once such a wave packet dives into the bulk, it comes back to the boundary after a specific time, at which the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-05 Shunichiro Kinoshita , Keiju Murata , Daichi Takeda

We present a mathematical framework which underlies the connection between information theory and the bulk spacetime in the AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ correspondence. A key concept is kinematic space: an auxiliary Lorentzian geometry whose metric is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-22 Bartlomiej Czech , Lampros Lamprou , Samuel McCandlish , James Sully

The holographic correspondence predicts that certain strongly coupled quantum systems describe an emergent, higher-dimensional bulk spacetime in which excitations enjoy local dynamics. We consider a general holographic state dual to an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-24 Simon Caron-Huot , Joydeep Chakravarty , Keivan Namjou

The Swampland Program aims to delineate the space of consistent low-energy effective field theories (EFTs) that admit a UV completion in quantum gravity from those that do not. In parallel, holography, and particularly the AdS/CFT…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-03 Sudhaker Upadhyay , Alexander Reshetnyak , Pavel Moshin , Ricardo Castro

Conformal deformations manifest in the AdS/CFT correspondence as boundary conditions on the AdS field. Heretofore, double-trace deformations have been the primary focus in this context. To better understand multitrace deformations, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-14 Sean Cantrell

We use Euclidean path integrals to explore the set of bulk asymptotically AdS spacetimes with good CFT duals. We consider simple bottom-up models of bulk physics defined by Einstein-Hilbert gravity coupled to thin domain walls and restrict…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-11-18 Zicao Fu , Donald Marolf