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In this paper, we review our current efforts to test General Relativity in the strong field regime by studying the reflection spectrum of supermassive black holes. So far we have analyzed 11 sources with observations of NuSTAR, Suzaku,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-19 Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Sourabh Nampalliwar , Ashutosh Tripathi , Jelen Wong , Yerong Xu , Jinli Yan , Yunfeng Yan , Yuchan Yang

We extend the investigation of general relativistic effects on the observed X-ray continuum of Kerr black holes in the context of the light bending model (Miniutti & Fabian, 2004). Assuming a ring-like illuminating source, co-rotating with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 T. Suebsuwong , J. Malzac , E. Jourdain , A. Marcowith

Accretion disks around black holes radiate a significant fraction of the rest mass of the accreting material in the form of thermal radiation from within a few gravitational radii of the black hole ($ r \lesssim 20 G M / c^{2}$). In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-13 Christopher J. Moore , Jonathan R. Gair

The theory of General Relativity has successfully passed a large number of observational tests. The theory has been extensively tested in the weak-field regime with experiments in the Solar System and observations of binary pulsars. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-23 Cosimo Bambi

Accretion disks, swirling structures of matter spiraling into black holes, play a pivotal role in our understanding of binary star systems and their intricate evolutionary processes. While current models often simplify these complex…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-26 Seyyed Masoud Hoseyni , Jamshid Ghanbari , Mahboobe Moeen Moghaddas

Einstein's theory of General Relativity predicts that the spacetime metric around astrophysical black holes is described by the Kerr solution. In this work, we employ state-of-the-art in relativistic reflection modeling to analyze a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-31 Ashutosh Tripathi , Yuexin Zhang , Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Jiachen Jiang , Honghui Liu , Menglei Zhou

Astrophysical black hole candidates are thought to be the Kerr black holes predicted by General Relativity, but the actual nature of these objects has still to be proven. The Kerr black hole hypothesis can be tested by observing strong…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-17 Cosimo Bambi

Astrophysical tests of general relativity belong to two categories: 1) "internal", i.e. consistency tests within the theory (for example, tests that astrophysical black holes are indeed described by the Kerr solution and its perturbations),…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Emanuele Berti

Up to now, Einstein's general theory of relativity has passed all experimental tests. But yet we know that it is not a fundamental theory and that it is incompatible with quantum theory. While several extended and improved gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-28 Michael Florian Wondrak , Marcus Bleicher , Piero Nicolini

Different astrophysical methods can be combined to detect possible deviations from General Relativity. In this work, we consider a class of $f(R)$ gravity models selected by the existence of Noether symmetries. In this framework, it is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-07 Vittorio De Falco , Francesco Bajardi , Rocco D'Agostino , Micol Benetti , Salvatore Capozziello

We have calculated the relativistic reflection component of the X-ray spectra of accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our calculations have shown that the spectra can be significantly modified by the motion of the accretion flow…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-11-13 Khee-Gan Lee , Kinwah Wu , Steven V. Fuerst , Graziella Branduardi-Raymont , Oliver Crowley

Although General Relativity (GR) has been tested extensively in the weak gravity regime, similar tests in the strong gravity regime are still missing. In this paper we explore the possibility to use X-ray spectropolarimetric observations of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 Henric Krawczynski

General relativity has been tested by many experiments, which, however, almost exclusively probe weak spacetime curvatures. In this thesis, I create two frameworks for testing general relativity in the strong-field regime with observations…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Tim Johannsen

X-ray irradiation of the accretion disc leads to strong reflection features, which are then broadened and distorted by relativistic effects. We present a detailed, general relativistic approach to model this irradiation for different…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 Thomas Dauser , Javier Garcia , Jörn Wilms , Moritz Böck , Laura W. Brenneman , Maurizio Falanga , Keigo Fukumura , Christopher S. Reynolds

Continuum spectrum emitted by the accretion disk around quasars hold a wealth of information regarding the strong gravitational field produced by the massive central object. Such strong gravity regime is often expected to exhibit deviations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-30 Indrani Banerjee , Sumanta Chakraborty , Soumitra SenGupta

We examine radiation and its effects on accretion disks orbiting astrophysical black holes. These disks are thermally radiating and can be geometrically and optically thin or thick. In this first paper of the series, we discuss the physics…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-06 Leela Elpida Koutsantoniou

Over the last decades X-ray spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for the estimation of black hole spin and several other key parameters in dozens of AGN and black hole X-ray binaries. In this White Paper, we discuss the…

Relativistic reflection features in the X-ray spectra of black hole binaries and AGNs originate from illumination of the inner part of the accretion disk by a hot corona. In the presence of high quality data and with the correct…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-28 Ashutosh Tripathi , Honghui Liu , Cosimo Bambi

According to the asymptotically safe gravity, black holes may have characteristics different from those described according to general relativity if the running of the gravitational constant coupling happens at low energies. Particularly,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-16 Luigi Foschini , Alberto Vecchiato , Alfio Bonanno