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A new condition, the strong inner product property, is introduced and used to construct sign patterns of row orthogonal matrices. Using this property, infinite families of sign patterns allowing row orthogonality are found. These provide…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-24 Bryan A. Curtis , Bryan L. Shader

This paper contains two finite-sample results concerning the sign test. First, we show that the sign-test is unbiased with independent, non-identically distributed data for both one-sided and two-sided hypotheses. The proof for the…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-02-13 Yong Cai

Let $(G,w)$ be an undirected weighted graph. The group inverse of $(G,w)$ is the weighted graph with the adjacency matrix $A^{\#}$, where $A$ is the adjacency matrix of $(G,w)$. We study the group inverse of singular weighted trees. It is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-07 Raju Nandi

Signed graphs have their edges labeled either as positive or negative. Here we introduce two types of signed distance matrix for signed graphs. We characterize balance in signed graphs using these matrices and we obtain explicit formulae…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-21 Shahul Hameed K , Shijin T , Soorya P , Germina K A , Thomas Zaslavsky

We examine the conditions under which a signed graph contains an edge or a vertex that is contained in a unique negative circle or a unique positive circle. For an edge in a unique signed circle, the positive and negative case require the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-03 Richard Behr

During routine state space circuit analysis of an arbitrarily connected set of nodes representing a lossless LC network, a matrix was formed that was observed to implicitly capture connectivity of the nodes in a graph similar to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-07 Pritam Mukherjee , L. Satish

The Laplacian matrix $L$ of a signed graph $G$ may or may not be invertible. We present a combinatorial formula of the Moore-Penrose inverse of $L$. This is achieved by finding a combinatorial formula for the Moore-Penrose inverse of an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Abdullah Alazemi , Milica Andelic , Sudipta Mallik

We consider modified Laplacian matrices of graphs, obtained by adding the identity matrix to the Laplacian matrix $L_G$ of a graph $G$. This results in a positive definite matrix $\tilde{L}_G$. The inverse of $\tilde{L}_G$ is a doubly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Enide Andrade , Geir Dahl

Two new matrix classes are introduced; inverse cyclic matrices and bi-diagonal south-west matrices. An interesting relation is established between these classes. Applications to two classes of inverse $Z$-matrices are provided.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-12-03 Samapti Pratihar , K. C. Sivakumar

The spectral properties of a class of band matrices are investigated. The reconstruction of matrices of this special class from given spectral data is also studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions for that reconstruction are found. The…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Natalia Bebiano , Mikhail Tyaglov

Godsil (1985) defined a graph to be invertible if it has a non-singular adjacency matrix whose inverse is diagonally similar to a nonnegative integral matrix; the graph defined by the last matrix is then the inverse of the original graph.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Sona Pavlikova , Daniel Sevcovic

A matrix (and any associated linear system) will be referred to as structured if it has a small displacement rank. It is known that the inverse of a structured matrix is structured, which allows fast inversion (or solution), and reduced…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Pierre Comon

Two signed graphs are called switching isomorphic if one of them is isomorphic to a switching equivalent of the other. To determine the number of switching non-isomorphic signed graphs on a specific graph, we will establish a method based…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Yousef Bagheri , Alireza Moghadamfar , Farzaneh Ramezani

We consider the alternating sign matrices of the odd order that have some kind of central symmetry. Namely, we deal with matrices invariant under the half-turn, quarter-turn and flips in both diagonals. In all these cases, there are two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-07-17 Yu. G. Stroganov

A new sufficient condition for a list of real numbers to be the spectrum of a symmetric doubly stochastic matrix is presented; this is a contribution to the classical spectral inverse problem for symmetric doubly stochastic matrices that is…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-27 Michal Gnacik , Tomasz Kania

A signed graph is one that features two types of edges: positive and negative. Balanced signed graphs are those in which all cycles contain an even number of positive edges. In the adjacency matrix of a signed graph, entries can be $0$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-15 Cristian M. Conde , Ezequiel Dratman , Luciano N. Grippo

Recently it has been established that given an invertible frame multiplier with semi-normalized symbol, a specific dual of any of the two involved frames can be determined for the inversion purpose. The inverse can be represented as a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-11 Diana T. Stoeva , Peter Balazs

In solving a system of $n$ linear equations in $d$ variables $Ax=b$, the condition number of the $n,d$ matrix $A$ measures how much errors in the data $b$ affect the solution $x$. Estimates of this type are important in many inverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Tomaso Poggio , Gil Kur , Andrzej Banburski

We explore how the combinatorial arrangement of prescribed zeros in a matrix affects the possible eigenvalues that the matrix can obtain. We demonstrate that there are inertially arbitrary patterns having a digraph with no 2-cycle, unlike…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-11-28 Jonathan Earl , Kevin N. Vander Meulen , Adam Van Tuyl

In this paper, we initiate the study of the inverse eigenvalue problem for probe graphs. A probe graph is a graph whose vertices are partitioned into probe vertices and non-probe vertices such that the non-probe vertices form an independent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-01 Emelie Curl , Jürgen Kritschgau , Carolyn Reinhart , Hein van der Holst