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We show an intimate connection between solutions of the Skorokhod Embedding Problem which are given as the first hitting time of a barrier and the concept of shadows in martingale optimal transport. More precisely, we show that a solution…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-08 Martin Brückerhoff , Martin Huesmann

We consider the optimal stopping problem consisting in, given a strong Markov process, a reward function and a discount rate, finding the stopping time such that the expected reward at the stopping time is maximum. The approach we follow,…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-05-30 Fabián Crocce

We study the existence, optimality, and construction of non-randomised stopping times that solve the Skorokhod embedding problem (SEP) for Markov processes which satisfy a duality assumption. These stopping times are hitting times of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Paul Gassiat , Harald Oberhauser , Christina Z. Zou

We consider the optimal Skorokhod embedding problem (SEP) given full marginals over the time interval $[0,1]$. The problem is related to the study of extremal martingales associated with a peacock ("process increasing in convex order", by…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-03 Sigrid Kallblad , Xiaolu Tan , Nizar Touzi

We investigate optimal stopping problems for systems driven by the Brownian sheet. Our analysis is divided into two parts. In the first part we derive explicit solutions to two optimal stopping problems for the exponentially discounted…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Nacira Agram , Bernt Oksendal , Frank Proske , Olena Tymoshenko

We obtain bounds on the distribution of the maximum of a martingale with fixed marginals at finitely many intermediate times. The bounds are sharp and attained by a solution to $n$-marginal Skorokhod embedding problem in Ob{\l}\'oj and…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-01-18 Pierre Henry-Labordère , Jan Obłój , Peter Spoida , Nizar Touzi

We adapt ideas and concepts developed in optimal transport (and its martingale variant) to give a geometric description of optimal stopping times of Brownian motion subject to the constraint that the distribution of the stopping time is a…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-14 Mathias Beiglboeck , Manu Eder , Christiane Elgert , Uwe Schmock

We consider the problem of minimizing the entropy of a law with respect to the law of a reference branching Brownian motion under density constraints at an initial and final time. We call this problem the branching Schr\"odinger problem by…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-14 Aymeric Baradat , Hugo Lavenant

Given a stochastic state process $(X_t)_t$ and a real-valued submartingale cost process $(S_t)_t$, we characterize optimal stopping times $\tau$ that minimize the expectation of $S_\tau$ while realizing given initial and target…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-24 Nassif Ghoussoub , Young-Heon Kim , Aaron Zeff Palmer

It is known that the Azema-Yor solution to the Skorokhod embedding problem maximizes the law of the running maximum of an uniformly integrable martingale with given terminal value distribution. Recently this optimality property has been…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-14 Nikolay Lysenko

We revisit the planar Skorokhod embedding problem introduced by Gross and developed further by Boudabra-Markowsky, and we place it in a fully variational framework. For a centered probability measure $\mu$ with finite second moment, we show…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Maher Boudabra

We consider optimal stopping problems for a Brownian motion and a geometric Brownian motion with a "disorder", assuming that the moment of a disorder is uniformly distributed on a finite interval. Optimal stopping rules are found as the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-12-18 A. N. Shiryaev , M. V. Zhitlukhin

We model learning in a continuous-time Brownian setting where there is prior ambiguity. The associated model of preference values robustness and is time-consistent. It is applied to study optimal learning when the choice between actions can…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2019-03-06 Larry G. Epstein , Shaolin Ji

We consider the problem of optimally stopping a general one-dimensional stochastic differential equation (SDE) with generalised drift over an infinite time horizon. First, we derive a complete characterisation of the solution to this…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-26 Mihail Zervos , Neofytos Rodosthenous , Pui Chan Lon , Thomas Bernhardt

We consider the Skorokhod problem in a time-varying interval. We prove existence and uniqueness for the solution. We also express the solution in terms of an explicit formula. Moving boundaries may generate singularities when they touch. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-12-19 Krzysztof Burdzy , Weining Kang , Kavita Ramanan

Given a Brownian motion $B_t$ and a general target law $\mu$ (not necessarily centered or even integrable) we show how to construct an embedding of $\mu$ in $B$. This embedding is an extension of an embedding due to Perkins, and is optimal…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. M. G. Cox , D. G. Hobson

An unbiased shift of the two-sided Brownian motion $(B_t \colon t\in{\mathbb R})$ is a random time $T$ such that $(B_{T+t} \colon t\in{\mathbb R})$ is still a two-sided Brownian motion. Given a pair $\mu, \nu$ of orthogonal probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-06 Peter Morters , Istvan Redl

We study the least-energy way to reshape a probability distribution when motion is constrained to a horizontal bundle, that is, optimal transport and distribution steering in sub-Riemannian geometry, motivated by density control over…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Daniel Owusu Adu , Karthik Elamvazhuthi , Bahman Gharesifard

Start a planar Brownian motion and let it run until it hits some given barrier. We show that the barrier may be crafted so that the x coordinate at the hitting time has any prescribed centered distribution with finite variance. This…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-03 Renan Gross

Recent work of Dupire and Carr and Lee has highlighted the importance of understanding the Skorokhod embedding originally proposed by Root for the model-independent hedging of variance options. Root's work shows that there exists a barrier…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2013-03-13 Alexander M. G. Cox , Jiajie Wang