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We tackle a task where an agent learns to navigate in a 2D maze-like environment called XWORLD. In each session, the agent perceives a sequence of raw-pixel frames, a natural language command issued by a teacher, and a set of rewards. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Haonan Yu , Haichao Zhang , Wei Xu

An ability to learn about new objects from a small amount of visual data and produce convincing linguistic justification about the presence/absence of certain concepts (that collectively compose the object) in novel scenarios is an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shailaja Keyur Sampat , Maitreya Patel , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

Imitation learning (IL) enables agents to acquire skills by observing and replicating the behavior of one or multiple experts. In recent years, advances in deep learning have significantly expanded the capabilities and scalability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Iason Chrysomallis , Georgios Chalkiadakis

We investigate the problem of learning description logic ontologies from entailments via queries, using epistemic reasoning. We introduce a new learning model consisting of epistemic membership and example queries and show that polynomial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Ana Ozaki , Nicolas Troquard

In-Context Learning (ICL) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with the ability to learn from a few examples provided in the prompt, enabling downstream generalization without the requirement for gradient updates. Despite encouragingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Haitao Mao , Guangliang Liu , Yao Ma , Rongrong Wang , Kristen Johnson , Jiliang Tang

Modern language models (LMs) can learn to perform new tasks in different ways: in instruction following, the target task is described explicitly in natural language; in few-shot prompting, the task is specified implicitly with a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Emmy Liu , Graham Neubig , Jacob Andreas

We are born with the ability to learn concepts by comparing diverse observations. This helps us to understand the new world in a compositional manner and facilitates extrapolation, as objects naturally consist of multiple concepts. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yujia Zheng , Shaoan Xie , Kun Zhang

Symbolic reasoning, rule-based symbol manipulation, is a hallmark of human intelligence. However, rule-based systems have had limited success competing with learning-based systems outside formalized domains such as automated theorem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Kaiyu Yang , Jia Deng

A lot of recent machine learning research papers have ``open-ended learning'' in their title. But very few of them attempt to define what they mean when using the term. Even worse, when looking more closely there seems to be no consensus on…

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents, often trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL), are constrained by a dependency on human-curated data, limiting scalability and tethering AI to human knowledge. Existing self-evolution frameworks offer an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Peng Xia , Kaide Zeng , Jiaqi Liu , Can Qin , Fang Wu , Yiyang Zhou , Caiming Xiong , Huaxiu Yao

Intelligence necessitates memory. Without memory, humans fail to perform various nontrivial tasks such as reading novels, playing games or solving maths. As the ultimate goal of machine learning is to derive intelligent systems that learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Hung Le

We propose a novel framework for comprehending the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through the perspective of meta-learning. By conceptualizing reasoning trajectories as pseudo-gradient descent updates to the LLM's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Junnan Liu , Hongwei Liu , Linchen Xiao , Shudong Liu , Taolin Zhang , Zihan Ma , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

The paper describes a system that uses large language model (LLM) technology to support the automatic learning of new entries in an intelligent agent's semantic lexicon. The process is bootstrapped by an existing non-toy lexicon and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Sanjay Oruganti , Sergei Nirenburg , Jesse English , Marjorie McShane

Zero-shot Learners are models capable of predicting unseen classes. In this work, we propose a Zero-shot Learning approach for text categorization. Our method involves training model on a large corpus of sentences to learn the relationship…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Pushpankar Kumar Pushp , Muktabh Mayank Srivastava

Humans can quickly learn new visual concepts, perhaps because they can easily visualize or imagine what novel objects look like from different views. Incorporating this ability to hallucinate novel instances of new concepts might help…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Yu-Xiong Wang , Ross Girshick , Martial Hebert , Bharath Hariharan

Imitation learning allows agents to learn complex behaviors from demonstrations. However, learning a complex vision-based task may require an impractical number of demonstrations. Meta-imitation learning is a promising approach towards…

Reinforcement learning (RL), a common tool in decision making, learns control policies from various experiences based on the associated cumulative return/rewards without treating them differently. Humans, on the contrary, often learn to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

Extensive research on formal verification of machine learning (ML) systems indicates that learning from data alone often fails to capture underlying background knowledge. A variety of verifiers have been developed to ensure that a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Thomas Flinkow , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Rosemary Monahan

Humans can systematically generalize to novel compositions of existing concepts. Recent studies argue that neural networks appear inherently ineffective in such cognitive capacity, leading to a pessimistic view and a lack of attention to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Ning Shi , Boxin Wang , Wei Wang , Xiangyu Liu , Zhouhan Lin

We consider a living organism as an observer of the evolution of its environment recording sensory information about the state space X of the environment in real time. Sensory information is sampled and then processed on two levels. On the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-03-22 Dan Guralnik